Building data platform with external twin synchronization

ABSTRACT

A building system of a building including one or more memory devices having instructions thereon, that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to store a digital twin of the building comprising a graph data structure, the graph data structure comprising a plurality of nodes representing entities of the building and a plurality of edges between the plurality of nodes representing relationships between the entities of the building. The instructions cause the one or more processors to receive an modification to the digital twin of the building, generate a change feed event of a change feed, the change feed event recording the modification to the graph data structure, and synchronize, based on the change feed event, an external digital twin of the building of an external system with the digital twin of the building by communicating with the external system.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 62/955,856 filed Dec. 31, 2019, U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 63/005,841 filed Apr. 6, 2020, and U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 63/105,754 filed Oct. 26, 2020, theentireties of each of which are incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates generally to the management of buildingsystems of a building. The present disclosure relates more particularlyto the control of building systems through a cloud based system. Abuilding can include various types of building subsystems, e.g.,heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, securitysystems, fire response systems, etc. Discrete predefined controllingsystems may operate each subsystem individually without knowledge of thebuilding. However, discrete predefined controlling systems may not allowfor dynamic, scalable, and adjustable solutions that can provideholistic management of a building.

SUMMARY

Event Enrichment with Contextual Information

One implementation of the present disclosure is a building systemincluding one or more memory devices having instructions thereon, that,when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or moreprocessors to receive an event from an event source, the eventindicating a data value associated with the piece of building equipmentoccurring at a particular time. The instructions cause the one or moreprocessors to identify contextual data of a database that provides acontextual description of the event, generate an enriched event byenriching the event with the contextual data, the enriched eventincluding the data value, the particular time, and the contextual data,and provide the enriched event to a consuming application configured tooperate based on the enriched event.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto retrieve one or more schemas from a schema database, the one or moreschemas indicating available schema formats for events, determinewhether a schema that the event is formatted in matches the one or moreschemas, generate the enriched event in response to determining that theschema that the event is formatted in matches the one or more schemas,and perform at least one of adding the event into a dead letter storagein response to a determination that the schema that the event isformatted in does not match the one or more schemas or adding the schemathat the event is formatted in into the schema database in response todetermining that the schema that the event is formatted in does notmatch the one or more schemas and in response to determining that thebuilding system is operating in a discovery mode to discover newschemas.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorscause the enriched event to be added to a topic subscribed to by theconsuming application.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto persist the enriched event in an event database.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto identify the contextual data based on one or more enrichment rulesassociated with the consuming application. In some embodiments, theinstructions cause the one or more processors to identify secondcontextual data of the database based on one or more second enrichmentrules associated with a second consuming application, generate a secondenriched event by enriching the event with the second contextual data,the data value, and the particular time, and provide the second enrichedevent to the second consuming application.

In some embodiments, the event is received from a piece of buildingequipment of a building. In some embodiments, the instructions cause theone or more processors to identify the contextual data by searching agraph projection that includes the contextual description of the pieceof building equipment.

In some embodiments, the graph projection includes nodes and edges. Insome embodiments, the nodes represent entities of the building and theedges represent relationships between the entities of the building. Insome embodiments, the nodes include a node representing the piece ofbuilding equipment. In some embodiments, the instructions cause the oneor more processors to identify the contextual data by identifying one ormore nodes of the nodes related to the node representing the piece ofbuilding equipment based on one or more edges of the edges between thenode representing the piece of building equipment and the one or morenodes.

In some embodiments, the contextual data includes one or morecapabilities of the piece of building equipment.

In some embodiments, the contextual description includes at least one ofa location where the piece of building equipment is located, anotherpiece of building equipment related to the piece of building equipment,a point of the piece of building equipment, and a person associated withthe piece of building equipment.

In some embodiments, the location is at least one of the building thatthe piece of building equipment is located in or a space that the pieceof building equipment is located in.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is a method includingreceiving, by a processing circuit, an event from a piece of buildingequipment of a building, the event indicating a data value associatedwith the piece of building equipment occurring at a particular time. Themethod further includes identifying, by the processing circuit,contextual data of a database that provides a contextual description ofthe event, generating, by the processing circuit, an enriched event byenriching the event with the contextual data, the enriched eventincluding the data value, the particular time, and the contextual data,and providing, by the processing circuit, the enriched event to aconsuming application configured to operate based on the enriched event.

In some embodiments, the method includes retrieving, by the processingcircuit, one or more schemas from a schema database, the one or moreschemas indicating available schema formats for events, determining, bythe processing circuit, whether a schema that the event is formatted inmatches the one or more schemas, and generating, by the processingcircuit, the enriched event in response to determining that the schemathat the event is formatted in matches the one or more schemas. In someembodiments, the method includes performing, by the processing circuit,at least one of adding the event into a dead letter storage in responseto a determination that the schema that the event is formatted in doesnot match the one or more schemas or adding the schema that the event isformatted in into the schema database in response to determining thatthe schema that the event is formatted in does not match the one or moreschemas and in response to determining that the building system isoperating in a discovery mode to discover new schemas.

In some embodiments, the method includes causing, by the processingcircuit, the enriched event to be added to a topic subscribed to by theconsuming application.

In some embodiments, the method includes persisting, by the processingcircuit, the enriched event in an event database.

In some embodiments, the method includes identifying, by the processingcircuit, the contextual data is based on one or more enrichment rulesassociated with the consuming application. In some embodiments, themethod further includes identifying, by the processing circuit, secondcontextual data of the database based on one or more second enrichmentrules associated with a second consuming application, generating, by theprocessing circuit, a second enriched event by enriching the event withthe second contextual data, the data value, and the particular time, andproviding, by the processing circuit, the second enriched event to thesecond consuming application.

In some embodiments, the method further includes identifying, by theprocessing circuit, the contextual data by searching a graph projectionthat includes the contextual description of the piece of buildingequipment.

In some embodiments, the graph projection includes nodes and edges. Insome embodiments, the nodes represent entities of the building and theedges represent relationships between the entities of the building. Insome embodiments, the nodes include a node representing the piece ofbuilding equipment. In some embodiments, the method includesidentifying, by the processing circuit, the contextual data includesidentifying one or more nodes of the nodes related to the noderepresenting the piece of building equipment based on one or more edgesof the edges between the node representing the piece of buildingequipment and the one or more nodes.

In some embodiments, the contextual data includes one or morecapabilities of the piece of building equipment.

In some embodiments, the contextual description includes at least one ofa location where the piece of building equipment is located, anotherpiece of building equipment related to the piece of building equipment,a point of the piece of building equipment, and a person associated withthe piece of building equipment.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is a building systemincluding one or more memory devices having instructions thereon and oneor more processors configured to execute the instructions causing theone or more processors to receive an event from a piece of buildingequipment of a building, the event indicating a data value associatedwith the piece of building equipment occurring at a particular time,identify contextual data of a database that provides a contextualdescription of the event, generate an enriched event by enriching theevent with the contextual data, the enriched event including the datavalue, the particular time, and the contextual data, and provide theenriched event to a consuming application configured to operate based onthe enriched event.

Building Graph Change Feed

One implementation of the present disclosure is a building system of abuilding including one or more memory devices having instructionsthereon, that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one ormore processors to receive a modification to a graph, the graphincluding nodes and edges between the nodes, the nodes representingentities of the building and the edges representing relationshipsbetween the entities of the building. The instructions cause the one ormore processors to generate a change feed event, the change feed eventrecording the modification to the graph and add the change feed event toa change feed including change feed events representing modifications tothe graph at different times.

In some embodiments, the entities of the building are at least one ofbuilding equipment, locations of the building, users of the building,and events of the building.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto construct the graph at points in time including a first time and asecond time by selecting a first set of the change feed events occurringup to the first time, generating the graph at the first time based onthe first set of the change feed events, selecting a second set of thechange feed events occurring up to the second time, and generating thegraph at the second time based on the second set of the change feedevents.

In some embodiments, the modification is at least one of adding a newnode to the nodes of the graph, adding a new edge to the edges of thegraph, deleting an existing node of the nodes of the graph, deleting anexisting edge of the edges of the graph, modifying the existing node ofthe nodes of the graph, or modifying the existing edge of the edges ofthe graph.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto communicate the change feed event of the change feed to one or moreconsuming applications.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto add the change feed event to a change feed topic, wherein the one ormore consuming applications are subscribed to the change feed topic andreceive the change feed event in response to the change feed event beingadded to the change feed topic.

In some embodiments, the one or more consuming applications update thegraph stored by the one or more consuming applications based on thechange feed event.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is a method includingreceiving, by a processing circuit, a modification to a graph, the graphincluding nodes and edges between the nodes, the nodes representingentities of a building and the edges representing relationships betweenthe entities of the building. The method includes generating, by theprocessing circuit, a change feed event, the change feed event recordingthe modification to the graph and adding, by the processing circuit, thechange feed event to a change feed including change feed eventsrepresenting modifications to the graph at different times.

In some embodiments, the entities of the building are at least one ofbuilding equipment, locations of the building, users of the building,and events of the building.

In some embodiments, the method includes constructing, by the processingcircuit, the graph at points in time including a first time and a secondtime by selecting a first set of the change feed events occurring up tothe first time, generating the graph at the first time based on thefirst set of the change feed events, selecting a second set of thechange feed events occurring up to the second time, and generating thegraph at the second time based on the second set of the change feedevents.

In some embodiments, the modification is at least one of adding a newnode to the nodes of the graph, adding a new edge to the edges of thegraph, deleting an existing node of the nodes of the graph, deleting anexisting edge of the edges of the graph, modifying the existing node ofthe nodes of the graph, or modifying the existing edge of the edges ofthe graph.

In some embodiments, the method further includes communicating, by theprocessing circuit, the change feed event of the change feed to one ormore consuming applications.

In some embodiments, the method further includes adding, by theprocessing circuit, the change feed event to a change feed topic,wherein the one or more consuming applications are subscribed to thechange feed topic and receive the change feed event in response to thechange feed event being added to the change feed topic.

In some embodiments, the one or more consuming applications update thegraph stored by the one or more consuming applications based on thechange feed event.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is one or more memorydevices having instructions thereon and one or more processors configureto execute the instructions causing the one or more processors toreceive a modification to a graph, the graph including nodes and edgesbetween the nodes, the nodes representing entities of the building andthe edges representing relationships between the entities of thebuilding. The instructions cause the one or more processors to generatea change feed event, the change feed event recording the modification tothe graph and add the change feed event to a change feed includingchange feed events representing modifications to the graph at differenttimes.

In some embodiments, the entities of the building are at least one ofbuilding equipment, locations of the building, users of the building,and events of the building.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto construct the graph at points in time including a first time and asecond time by selecting a first set of the change feed events occurringup to the first time, generating the graph at the first time based onthe first set of the change feed events, selecting a second set of thechange feed events occurring up to the second time, and generating thegraph at the second time based on the second set of the change feedevents.

In some embodiments, the modification is at least one of adding a newnode to the nodes of the graph, adding a new edge to the edges of thegraph, deleting an existing node of the nodes of the graph, deleting anexisting edge of the edges of the graph, modifying the existing node ofthe nodes of the graph, or modifying the existing edge of the edges ofthe graph.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto communicate the change feed event of the change feed to one or moreconsuming applications.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto add the change feed event to a change feed topic, wherein the one ormore consuming applications are subscribed to the change feed topic andreceive the change feed event in response to the change feed event beingadded to the change feed topic.

Building Graph Based Capabilities

One implementation of the present disclosure is a building system of abuilding including one or more memory devices having instructionsthereon, that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one ormore processors to identify a capability of an entity in a buildinggraph, the building graph including nodes and edges, the nodesrepresenting entities of the building including the entity and thecapability, the edges representing relationships between the entities ofthe building and the capability, wherein a first node of the nodesrepresents the entity and a second node of the nodes related to thefirst node by one or more edges of the edges represents the capability.The instructions cause the one or more processors to receive a commandto perform an operation associated with the entity, the operationassociated with the capability of the entity and provide the command toperform the operation associated with the entity to an operating system.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto identify the capability of the entity by identifying the first nodeof the nodes of the building graph representing the entity andidentifying at least one of one or more nodes or the one or more edgesbetween the first node and the second node representing the capabilityof the entity.

In some embodiments, the entity is a piece of building equipment of thebuilding. In some embodiments, the capability is a control operationthat the piece of building equipment is configured to perform.

In some embodiments, the entity is a user of the building. In someembodiments, the capability is an action associated with the user that asystem is configured to perform.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto receive the command to perform the operation associated with theentity from a requesting system. In some embodiments, the instructionscause the one or more processors to identify whether the requestingsystem has a policy to make the command to perform the operation basedon the building graph, wherein the building graph indicates the policyto make the command. In some embodiments, the instructions cause the oneor more processors to provide the command to perform the operationassociated with the entity to the operating system in response toidentifying that the requesting system has the policy to make thecommand.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto identify whether a requesting system has a policy to make the commandto perform the operation based on the building graph by identifying athird node of the nodes representing the requesting system andidentifying one or more particular edges of the edges between the thirdnode and a fourth node of the nodes representing the policy to make thecommand.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto determine that the operating system is a piece of building equipmentof the building, identify a device hub configured to facilitatemessaging between the building system and the piece of buildingequipment based on the building graph, wherein the nodes includes a noderepresenting the device hub, and send the command to the piece ofbuilding equipment through the device hub.

In some embodiments, the entity is a piece of building equipment. Insome embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processors todetermine that the operating system is an external system separate fromthe building system, identify a connection broker configured tofacilitate a connection between the building system and the externalsystem, wherein the nodes includes a node representing the connectionbroker and the external system, and send the command to the piece ofbuilding equipment through the connection broker.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is a method includingidentifying, by a processing circuit, a capability of an entity in abuilding graph of a building, the building graph including nodes andedges, the nodes representing entities of the building including theentity and the capability, the edges representing relationships betweenthe entities of the building and the capability, wherein a first node ofthe nodes represents the entity and a second node of the nodes relatedto the first node by one or more edges of the edges represents thecapability. The method includes receiving, by the processing circuit, acommand to perform an operation associated with the entity, theoperation associated with the capability of the entity and providing, bythe processing circuit, the command to perform the operation associatedwith the entity to an operating system.

In some embodiments, identifying, by the processing circuit, thecapability of the entity includes identifying the first node of thenodes of the building graph representing the entity and identifying atleast one of one or more nodes or the one or more edges between thefirst node and the second node representing the capability of theentity.

In some embodiment, the entity is a piece of building equipment of thebuilding. In some embodiments, the capability is a control operationthat the piece of building equipment is configured to perform.

In some embodiments, the entity is a user of the building. In someembodiments, the capability is an action associated with the user that asystem is configured to perform.

In some embodiments, the method includes receiving, by the processingcircuit, the command to perform the operation associated with the entityincludes receiving the command from a requesting system. In someembodiments, the method includes identifying, by the processing circuit,whether the requesting system has a policy to make the command toperform the operation based on the building graph, wherein the buildinggraph indicates the policy to make the command. In some embodiments, themethod includes providing, by the processing circuit, the command toperform the operation associated with the entity to the operating systemin response to identifying that the requesting system has the policy tomake the command.

In some embodiments, the method includes identifying, by the processingcircuit, whether a requesting system has a policy to make the command toperform the operation based on the building graph by identifying a thirdnode of the nodes representing the requesting system and identifying oneor more particular edges of the edges between the third node and afourth node of the nodes representing the policy to make the command.

In some embodiments, the method includes determining, by the processingcircuit, that the operating system is a piece of building equipment ofthe building, identifying, by the processing circuit, a device hubconfigured to facilitate messaging between the processing circuit andthe piece of building equipment based on the building graph, wherein thenodes includes a node representing the device hub, and sending, by theprocessing circuit, the command to the piece of building equipmentthrough the device hub.

In some embodiments, the entity is a piece of building equipment. Insome embodiments, the method includes determining, by the processingcircuit, that the operating system is an external system separate fromthe building system, identifying, by the processing circuit, aconnection broker configured to facilitate a connection between thebuilding system and the external system, wherein the nodes includes anode representing the connection broker and the external system, andsending, by the processing circuit, the command to the piece of buildingequipment through the connection broker.

One implementation of the present disclosure is one or more memorydevices having instructions thereon, that, when executed by one or moreprocessors, cause the one or more processors to identify a capability ofan entity in a building graph of a building, the building graphincluding nodes and edges, the nodes representing entities of thebuilding including the entity and the capability, the edges representingrelationships between the entities of the building and the capability,wherein a first node of the nodes represents the entity and a secondnode of the nodes related to the first node by one or more edges of theedges represents the capability. The instructions cause the one or moreprocessors to receive a command to perform an operation associated withthe entity, the operation associated with the capability of the entityand provide the command to perform the operation associated with theentity to an operating system.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto identify the capability of the entity by identifying the first nodeof the nodes of the building graph representing the entity andidentifying at least one of one or more nodes or the one or more edgesbetween the first node and the second node representing the capabilityof the entity.

In some embodiments, the entity is a piece of building equipment of thebuilding. In some embodiments, the capability is a control operationthat the piece of building equipment is configured to perform.

In some embodiments, the entity is a user of the building. In someembodiments, the capability is an action associated with the user that asystem is configured to perform.

Building Graph Based Communication Actions

One implementation of the present disclosure is a building system of abuilding including one or more memory devices having instructionsthereon, that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one ormore processors to receive a command to perform an action for an entity.The instructions cause the one or more processors to identify a serviceconfigured to perform the action based on a building graph, the buildinggraph including nodes and edges, wherein the nodes represent entities ofthe building, the service, and one or more other services, wherein theedges represent relationships between the entities and communicationactions of the service with the one or more other services and cause theservice to perform the action by causing the service to perform one ormore communication actions with the one or more other services indicatedby the building graph.

In some embodiments, the communication actions are applicationprogramming interface (API) calls to the one or more other services.

In some embodiments, the entities of the building are at least one ofbuilding equipment, locations of the building, users of the building,and events of the building.

In some embodiments, a first node of the nodes represents the serviceand a second node of the nodes represents a second service of the one ormore other services. In some embodiments, an edge of the edges relatesthe first node to the second node and indicates a communication actionthat the service can make to the second service.

In some embodiments, the service is a connection broker configured tobroker a connection between the building system and an external systemseparate from the building system. In some embodiments, the action is anoperation performed by the external system. In some embodiments, the oneor more communication actions are API calls that the connection brokermakes with the one or more other services to cause the external systemto perform the operation.

In some embodiments, the service is a device hub configured to handlemessages between the building system and a piece of building equipment.In some embodiments, the action is an operation performed by the pieceof building equipment. In some embodiments, the one or morecommunication actions are API calls that the device hub makes with theone or more other services to cause the piece of building equipment toperform the operation.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto identify a capability of the entity in the building graph, thecapability indicating that the entity can perform the action and causethe service to perform the action based on the one or more communicationactions indicated by the building graph responsive to identifying thecapability of the entity.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto receive the command to perform the action from a requesting system.In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto identify whether the requesting system has a policy to make thecommand to perform the action based on the building graph, wherein thebuilding graph indicates the policy to make the command. In someembodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processors to causethe service to perform the action in response to identifying the policyto make the command.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto identify whether a requesting system that the building systemreceives the request to perform the command from has a policy to makethe command by identifying a first node of the nodes representing therequesting system in the building graph and identifying one or moreedges between the first node and a second node of the nodes representingthe policy to make the command.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is a method includingreceiving, by a processing circuit, a command to perform an action foran entity, identifying, by the processing circuit, a service configuredto perform the action based on a building graph, the building graphincluding nodes and edges, wherein the nodes represent entities of thebuilding, the service, and one or more other services, wherein the edgesrepresent relationships between the entities and communication actionsof the service with the one or more other services, and causing, by theprocessing circuit, the service to perform the action by causing theservice to perform one or more communication actions with the one ormore other services indicated by the building graph.

In some embodiments, the communication actions are applicationprogramming interface (API) calls to the one or more other services.

In some embodiments, the entities of the building are at least one ofbuilding equipment, locations of the building, users of the building,and events of the building.

In some embodiments, a first node of the nodes represents the serviceand a second node of the nodes represents a second service of the one ormore other services. In some embodiments, an edge of the edges relatesthe first node to the second node and indicates a communication actionthat the service can make to the second service.

In some embodiments, the service is a connection broker configured tobroker a connection between the building system and an external systemseparate from the building system. In some embodiments, the action is anoperation performed by the external system. In some embodiments, the oneor more communication actions are API calls that the connection brokermakes with the one or more other services to cause the external systemto perform the operation.

In some embodiments, the service is a device hub configured to handlemessages between the building system and a piece of building equipment.In some embodiments, the action is an operation performed by the pieceof building equipment. In some embodiments, the one or morecommunication actions are API calls that the device hub makes with theone or more other services to cause the piece of building equipment toperform the operation.

In some embodiments, the method includes identifying, by the processingcircuit, a capability of the entity in the building graph, thecapability indicating that the entity can perform the action andcausing, by the processing circuit, the service to perform the actionbased on the one or more communication actions indicated by the buildinggraph responsive to identifying the capability of the entity.

In some embodiments, the method includes receiving, by the processingcircuit, the command to perform the action from a requesting system. Insome embodiments, the method includes identifying, by the processingcircuit, whether the requesting system has a policy to make the commandto perform the action based on the building graph, wherein the buildinggraph indicates the policy to make the command. In some embodiments, themethod includes causing, by the processing circuit, the service toperform the action in response to identifying the policy to make thecommand.

In some embodiments, the method includes identifying, by the processingcircuit, whether a requesting system that the building system receivesthe request to perform the command from has a policy to make the commandincludes identifying a first node of the nodes representing therequesting system in the building graph and identifying one or moreedges between the first node and a second node of the nodes representingthe policy to make the command.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is one or more memorydevices having instructions thereon, that, when executed by one or moreprocessors, cause the one or more processors to receive a command toperform an action for an entity. The instructions cause the one or moreprocessors to identify a service configured to perform the action basedon a building graph, the building graph including nodes and edges,wherein the nodes represent entities of the building, the service, andone or more other services, wherein the edges represent relationshipsbetween the entities and communication actions of the service with theone or more other services and cause the service to perform the actionby causing the service to perform one or more communication actions withthe one or more other services indicated by the building graph.

In some embodiments, the communication actions are applicationprogramming interface (API) calls to the one or more other services.

Building Graph Based Policies

One implementation of the present disclosure is a building system of abuilding including one or more memory devices having instructionsthereon, that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one ormore processors to receive a request to access a portion of a buildinggraph of the building from a system, the building graph including nodesand edges, the nodes representing entities of the building and the edgesrepresenting relationships between the entities of the building. Theinstructions cause the one or more processors to determine whether thesystem has access to the portion of the building graph based on a policyindicated by the nodes and edges of the building graph and provide theportion of the building graph to the system in response to adetermination that the system has access to the portion of the buildinggraph.

In some embodiments, the building graph includes a first noderepresenting the policy. In some embodiments, the building graphincludes a second node indicating a read policy to read events relatedto the first node by a first edge of the edges. In some embodiments, thebuilding graph includes a third node indicating a command policy to sendcommands related to the first node by a second edge of the edges.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto determine whether the system has access to the portion of thebuilding graph based on the policy by identifying a first node of thenodes representing the system and identifying an edge of the edgesbetween the first node and a second node representing the policy toaccess the portion of the building graph.

In some embodiments, the policy to access the portion of the buildinggraph is an access policy to access events associated with a particularentity. In some embodiments, the nodes include a first node representingthe policy and a second node representing the particular entity. In someembodiments, an edge of the edges links the first node to the secondnode.

In some embodiments, the policy to access the events associated with theparticular entity is a particular access policy to access other eventsof other entities, the other entities related to the particular entity.In some embodiments, the nodes include other nodes representing theother entities. In some embodiments, the edges include one or more edgesrelating the other nodes to the second node representing the particularentity.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto receive a command to perform an action for an entity from arequesting system and identify whether the system has a command policyto make the command to perform the action based on the building graph byidentifying a first node of the nodes representing the requesting systemand identifying one or more edges between the first node and a secondnode of the nodes representing the command policy to make the command.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto identify a capability of the entity in the building graph and providethe command to perform the action associated with the entity to anoperating system in response to identifying the capability.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto identify the capability of the entity by identifying a node of thenodes of the building graph representing the entity and identifying atleast one of one or more nodes or one or more particular edges betweenthe node and a third node representing the capability of the entity.

In some embodiments, the entity is a piece of building equipment of thebuilding. In some embodiments, the capability is an operation that thepiece of building equipment is configured to perform.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is a method includingreceiving, by a processing circuit, a request to access a portion of abuilding graph of a building from a system, the building graph includingnodes and edges, the nodes representing entities of the building and theedges representing relationships between the entities of the building.The method includes determining, by the processing circuit, whether thesystem has access to the portion of the building graph based on a policyindicated by the nodes and edges of the building graph and providing, bythe processing circuit, the portion of the building graph to the systemin response to a determination that the system has access to the portionof the building graph.

In some embodiments, the building graph includes a first noderepresenting the policy. In some embodiments, the building graphincludes a second node indicating a read policy to read events relatedto the first node by a first edge of the edges. In some embodiments, thebuilding graph includes a third node indicating a command policy to sendcommands related to the first node by a second edge of the edges.

In some embodiments, determining, by the processing circuit, whether thesystem has access to the portion of the building graph based on thepolicy includes identifying a first node of the nodes representing thesystem and identifying an edge of the edges between the first node and asecond node representing the policy to access the portion of thebuilding graph.

In some embodiments, the policy to access the portion of the buildinggraph is an access policy to access events associated with a particularentity. In some embodiments, the nodes include a first node representingthe policy and a second node representing the particular entity. In someembodiments, an edge of the edges links the first node to the secondnode.

In some embodiments, the policy to access the events associated with theparticular entity is a particular access policy to access other eventsof other entities, the other entities related to the particular entity.In some embodiments, the nodes include other nodes representing theother entities. In some embodiments, the edges include one or more edgesrelating the other nodes to the second node representing the particularentity.

In some embodiments, the method includes receiving, by the processingcircuit, a command to perform an action for an entity from a requestingsystem and identifying, by the processing circuit, whether the systemhas a command policy to make the command to perform the action based onthe building graph by identifying a first node of the nodes representingthe requesting system and identifying one or more edges between thefirst node and a second node of the nodes representing the commandpolicy to make the command.

In some embodiments, the method includes identifying, by the processingcircuit, a capability of the entity in the building graph and providing,by the processing circuit, the command to perform the action associatedwith the entity to an operating system in response to identifying thecapability.

In some embodiments, the method includes identifying, by the processingcircuit, the capability of the entity by identifying a node of the nodesof the building graph representing the entity and identifying at leastone of one or more nodes or one or more particular edges between thenode and a third node representing the capability of the entity.

In some embodiments, the entity is a piece of building equipment of thebuilding. In some embodiments, the capability is an operation that thepiece of building equipment is configured to perform.

One implementation of the present disclosure is one or more memorydevices having instructions thereon, that, when executed by one or moreprocessors, cause the one or more processors to receive a request toaccess a portion of a building graph of a building from a system, thebuilding graph including nodes and edges, the nodes representingentities of the building and the edges representing relationshipsbetween the entities of the building, determine whether the system hasaccess to the portion of the building graph based on a policy indicatedby the nodes and edges of the building graph, and provide the portion ofthe building graph to the system in response to a determination that thesystem has access to the portion of the building graph.

In some embodiments, the building graph includes a first noderepresenting the policy. In some embodiments, the building graphincludes a second node indicating a read policy to read events relatedto the first node by a first edge of the edges. In some embodiments, thebuilding graph includes a third node indicating a command policy to sendcommands related to the first node by a second edge of the edges.

Building Graph Projections

One implementation of the present disclosure is a building system of abuilding including one or more memory devices having instructionsthereon, that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one ormore processors to retrieve projection rules for generating a buildinggraph projection. The instructions cause the one or more processors toretrieve entities representing elements of the building andrelationships between the entities representing relationships betweenthe entities, construct the building graph projection including nodesand edges based on the entities, the relationships, and the projectionrules, and perform one or more operations based on the building graphprojection.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto construct the building graph projection by generating one node of thenodes for each of the entities, generate an edge of the edges for eachrelationship of the relationships, and connecting the edge from a firstnode of the nodes to a second node of the nodes to illustrate aparticular relationship of the relationships between a first entity ofthe entities and a second entity of the entities.

In some embodiments, the projection rules indicate permissions for asubscriber, wherein the permissions identify a set of the entities and aset of the relationships. In some embodiments, the instructions causethe one or more processors to construct the building graph projectionbased on the set of the entities and the set of the relationships.

In some embodiments, the projection rules indicate an ontologyindicating allowed relationships between types of entities. In someembodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processors toconstruct the building graph projection based on the types of entitiesand the allowed relationships between the types of entities.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto retrieve, for a subscriber, the projection rules for generating thebuilding graph projection from graph projection rules stored in adatabase, wherein the graph projection rules associated withsubscribers.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto retrieve second projection rules for a second subscriber of thesubscribers, construct a second building graph projection including asecond plurality of nodes and a second plurality of edges based on theat least some of the entities, at least some of the relationships, andthe second projection rules, and store the building graph projection andthe second building graph projection in a graph projection database.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto receive a modification to the building graph projection, generate achange feed event, the change feed event recording the modification tothe building graph projection, and add the change feed event to a changefeed including change feed events representing modifications to thebuilding graph projection at different times.

In some embodiments, the modification is at least one of adding a newnode to the nodes of the building graph projection, adding a new edge tothe edges of the building graph projection, deleting an existing node ofthe nodes of the building graph projection, deleting an existing edge ofthe edges of the building graph projection, modifying the existing nodeof the nodes of the building graph projection, or modifying the existingedge of the edges of the building graph projection.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto, receive an event from a piece of building equipment of the building,the event indicating a data value associated with the piece of buildingequipment occurring at a particular time, identify contextual data of adatabase that provides a contextual description of the event, generatean enriched event by enriching the event with the contextual data, theenriched event including the data value, the particular time, and thecontextual data, and provide the enriched event to a consumingapplication configured to operate based on the enriched event.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto identify the contextual data by searching the building graphprojection that includes the contextual description of the piece ofbuilding equipment.

In some embodiments, the nodes represent the entities and the edgesrepresent relationships between the entities. In some embodiments, thenodes include a node representing the piece of building equipment. Insome embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processors toidentify the contextual data by identifying one or more nodes of thenodes related to the node representing the piece of building equipmentbased on one or more edges of the edges between the node representingthe piece of building equipment and the one or more nodes.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is a method includingretrieving, by a processing circuit, projection rules for generating abuilding graph projection. The method includes retrieving, by theprocessing circuit, entities representing elements of a building andrelationships between the entities representing relationships betweenthe entities, constructing, by the processing circuit, the buildinggraph projection including nodes and edges based on the entities, therelationships, and the projection rules, and performing, by theprocessing circuit, one or more operations based on the building graphprojection.

In some embodiments, the method includes generating, by the processingcircuit, one node of the nodes for each of the entities, generating, bythe processing circuit, an edge of the edges for each relationship ofthe relationships, and connecting, by the processing circuit, the edgefrom a first node of the nodes to a second node of the nodes toillustrate a particular relationship of the relationships between afirst entity of the entities and a second entity of the entities.

In some embodiments, the projection rules indicate permissions for asubscriber, wherein the permissions identify a set of the entities and aset of the relationships. In some embodiments, the method furtherincludes constructing, by the processing circuit, the building graphprojection based on the set of the entities and the set of therelationships.

In some embodiments, the projection rules indicate an ontologyindicating allowed relationships between types of entities. In someembodiments, the method further includes constructing, by the processingcircuit, the building graph projection based on the types of entitiesand the allowed relationships between the types of entities.

In some embodiments, the method further includes retrieving, by theprocessing circuit, for a subscriber, the projection rules forgenerating the building graph projection from graph projection rulesstored in a database, wherein the graph projection rules associated withsub scribers.

In some embodiments, the method further includes retrieving, by theprocessing circuit, second projection rules for a second subscriber ofthe subscribers. In some embodiments, the method further includesconstructing, by the processing circuit, a second building graphprojection including a second plurality of nodes and a second pluralityof edges based on the at least some of plurality of entities, at leastsome of the relationships, and the second projection rules and storing,by the processing circuit, the building graph projection and the secondbuilding graph projection in a graph projection database.

In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving, by theprocessing circuit, a modification to the building graph projection,generating, by the processing circuit, a change feed event, the changefeed event recording the modification to the building graph projection,and adding, by the processing circuit, the change feed event to a changefeed including change feed events representing modifications to thebuilding graph projection at different times.

In some embodiments, the modification is at least one of adding a newnode to the nodes of the building graph projection, adding a new edge tothe edges of the building graph projection, deleting an existing node ofthe nodes of the building graph projection, deleting an existing edge ofthe edges of the building graph projection, modifying the existing nodeof the nodes of the building graph projection, or modifying the existingedge of the edges of the building graph projection.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is one or more memorydevices having instructions thereon, that, when executed by one or moreprocessors, cause the one or more processors to retrieve projectionrules for generating a building graph projection, retrieve entitiesrepresenting elements of a building and relationships between theentities representing relationships between the entities, construct thebuilding graph projection including nodes and edges based on theentities, the relationships, and the projection rules, and perform oneor more operations based on the building graph projection.

Event Based Building Graph Queries

One implementation of the present disclosure is a building including oneor more memory devices having instructions thereon, that, when executedby one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to receive aquery for information of a building graph of the building from a system,the query including an indication of an entity and an indication of anevent associated with the entity. The instructions cause the one or moreprocessors to query the building graph with the indication of the entityand the indication of the event associated with the entity for theinformation of the building graph, the building graph including nodesand edges, the nodes representing entities and events including theentity and the event, the edges representing relationships between theentities and the events and generate a query response based on theinformation and provide the query response to the system.

In some embodiments, the indication of the entity is an indication of anentity type of the entity. In some embodiments, the instructions causethe one or more processors to query the building graph with theindication of the entity and the event by identifying a node of thenodes corresponding to the entity type of the entity, the noderepresenting the entity and identifying one or more edges between thenode representing the entity and a second node of the nodes representingthe event. In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or moreprocessors to generate the query response by causing the query responseto include the entity in response to identifying the node andidentifying the one or more edges between the node and the second node.

In some embodiments, the system includes a user application. In someembodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processors toreceive the query from the user application where a user provides arequest for the information to the user application and the userapplication generates and provides the query to the building system.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto provide the query response to the user application. In someembodiments, the user application generates a display indicating theinformation of the query response.

In some embodiments, one or more edges of the edges between a first noderepresenting a particular event and a second node representing aparticular building entity indicates that the particular event isassociated with the particular building entity.

In some embodiments, the particular building entity is a piece ofbuilding equipment that generates the particular event.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto determine whether the system has access to the information of thebuilding graph based on a policy indicated by the nodes and edges of thebuilding graph and provide the information of the building graph to thesystem in response to a determination that the system has access to theinformation of the building graph.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto determine whether the system has access to the information of thebuilding graph based on the policy by identifying a first node of thenodes representing the system and identifying an edge of the edgesbetween the first node and a second node representing the policy toaccess the information of the building graph.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto receive a request from the system for a capability of the entityresponsive to providing the query response to the system, identify thecapability of the entity in the building graph, receive a command toperform an operation associated with the entity, the command performingan action associated with the capability of the entity, and provide thecommand to perform the operation associated with the entity to anoperating system.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto identify the capability of the entity by identifying a first node ofthe nodes of the building graph representing the entity and identifyingat least one of one or more nodes or one or more edges between the firstnode and a second node representing the capability of the entity.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is a method includingreceiving, by a processing circuit, a query for information of abuilding graph of a building from a system, the query including anindication of an entity and an indication of an event associated withthe entity. The method includes querying, by the processing circuit, thebuilding graph with the indication of the entity and the indication ofthe event associated with the entity for the information of the buildinggraph, the building graph including nodes and edges, the nodesrepresenting entities and events including the entity and the event, theedges representing relationships between the entities and the events andgenerating, by the processing circuit, a query response based on theinformation and provide the query response to the system.

In some embodiments, the indication of the entity is an indication of anentity type of the entity. In some embodiments, querying, by theprocessing circuit, the building graph with the indication of the entityand the event includes identifying a node of the nodes corresponding tothe entity type of the entity, the node representing the entity andidentifying one or more edges between the node representing the entityand a second node of the nodes representing the event. In someembodiments, generating, by the processing circuit, the query responseincludes causing the query response to include the entity in response toidentifying the node and identifying the one or more edges between thenode and the second node.

In some embodiments, the method includes receiving, by the processingcircuit, a request from the system for a capability of the entityresponsive to providing the query response to the system. In someembodiments, the method includes identifying, by the processing circuit,the capability of the entity in the building graph, receiving, by theprocessing circuit, a command to perform an operation associated withthe entity, the command performing an action associated with thecapability of the entity, and providing, by the processing circuit, thecommand to perform the operation associated with the entity to anoperating system.

In some embodiments, the method include receiving, the query from a userapplication where a user provides a request for the information to theuser application and the user application generates and provides thequery to a building system.

In some embodiments, the method includes providing, by the processingcircuit, the query response to the user application. In someembodiments, the user application generates a display indicating theinformation of the query response.

In some embodiments, one or more edges of the edges between a first noderepresenting a particular event and a second node representing aparticular building entity indicates that the particular event isassociated with the particular building entity.

In some embodiments, the particular building entity is a piece ofbuilding equipment that generates the particular event.

In some embodiments, the method includes determining, by the processingcircuit, whether the system has access to the information of thebuilding graph based on a policy indicated by the nodes and edges of thebuilding graph and providing, by the processing circuit, the informationof the building graph to the system in response to a determination thatthe system has access to the information of the building graph.

In some embodiments, the method includes determining, by the processingcircuit, whether the system has access to the information of thebuilding graph based on the policy by identifying a first node of thenodes representing the system and identifying an edge of the edgesbetween the first node and a second node representing the policy toaccess the information of the building graph.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is one or more memorydevices having instructions thereon, that, when executed by one or moreprocessors, cause the one or more processors to receive a query forinformation of a building graph of a building from a system, the queryincluding an indication of an entity and an indication of an eventassociated with the entity. The instructions cause the one or moreprocessors to query the building graph with the indication of the entityand the indication of the event associated with the entity for theinformation of the building graph, the building graph including nodesand edges, the nodes representing entities and events including theentity and the event, the edges representing relationships between theentities and the events and generate a query response based on theinformation and provide the query response to the system.

Zone Based Tenant Entitlement Model

One implementation of the present disclosure is a building including oneor more memory devices having instructions thereon, that, when executedby one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to manageentitlements for subscriptions of one or more buildings with a buildingentitlement model, wherein a first subscription of the subscriptions islinked to first zone via the building entitlement model and a secondsubscription of the subscriptions is linked to a second zone via thebuilding entitlement model. The instructions cause the one or moreprocessors to receive a first request to perform a first operation forthe first subscription and a second request to perform a secondoperation for the second subscription, determine, based on the buildingentitlement model, whether the first subscription has a firstentitlement for the first operation and whether the second subscriptionhas a second entitlement for the second operation, and implement thefirst operation on first computing resources of the first zone based onthe building entitlement model in response to a first determination thatthe first subscription has the first entitlement and implement thesecond operation on second computing resources of the second zone basedon the building entitlement model in response to a second determinationthat the second subscription has the second entitlement.

In some embodiments, the entitlements indicate whether the subscriptionshave authorization to utilize functional resources of the buildingsystem.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto receive first operational data associated with the firstsubscription, the first operational data indicating actions of the firstsubscription utilizing first computing resources, determine a resourceutilization metric of the first subscription based on the firstoperational data, determine to throttle the actions of the firstsubscription in response to determining that the resource utilizationmetric exceeds a level, and throttle the actions of the firstsubscription to reduce an amount of the actions of the firstsubscription in response to determining that the resource utilizationmetric exceeds the level.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto receive first operational data associated with the firstsubscription, the first operational data indicating first actions of thefirst subscription utilizing first computing resources, receive secondoperational data associated with the second subscription, the secondoperational data indicating second actions of the second subscriptionutilizing the second computing resources, determine first resourceutilization metrics of the first subscription based on the firstoperational data, and determine second resource utilization metrics ofthe second subscription based on the second operational data.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto generate a first bill in an amount proportional to first resourceutilization of the first subscription based on the first resourceutilization metrics and generate a second bill in a second amountproportional to a second resource utilization of the second subscriptionbased on the second resource utilization metrics.

In some embodiments, the first zone represents a first geographicboundary and the first computing resources are located within the firstgeographic boundary. In some embodiments, the second zone represents asecond geographic boundary and the second computing resources arelocated within the second geographic boundary.

In some embodiments, the first computing resources include computationalresources and storage resources. In some embodiments, the secondcomputing resources include second computational resources and secondstorage resources.

In some embodiments, the building entitlement model includes a tenant,wherein the tenant represents an entity associated with a billingboundary. In some embodiments, the tenant is linked to the subscriptionsby the building entitlement model.

In some embodiments, the building entitlement model includes a secondtenant, wherein the second tenant represents a second entity associatedwith a second billing boundary. In some embodiments, the second tenantis linked, by the building entitlement model, to a second plurality ofsubscriptions of the building entitlement model.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is a method includingmanaging, by a processing circuit, entitlements for subscriptions of oneor more buildings with a building entitlement model, wherein a firstsubscription of the subscriptions is linked to first zone via thebuilding entitlement model and a second subscription of thesubscriptions is linked to a second zone via the building entitlementmodel. The method includes receiving, by the processing circuit, a firstrequest to perform a first operation for the first subscription and asecond request to perform a second operation for the secondsubscription, determining, by the processing circuit, based on thebuilding entitlement model, whether the first subscription has a firstentitlement for the first operation and whether the second subscriptionhas a second entitlement for the second operation, and implementing, bythe processing circuit, the first operation on first computing resourcesof the first zone based on the building entitlement model in response toa first determination that the first subscription has the firstentitlement and implement the second operation on second computingresources of the second zone based on the building entitlement model inresponse to a second determination that the second subscription has thesecond entitlement.

In some embodiments, the entitlements indicate whether the subscriptionshave authorization to utilize functional resources of a building system.

In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving, by theprocessing circuit, first operational data associated with the firstsubscription, the first operational data indicating actions of the firstsubscription utilizing first computing resources and determining, by theprocessing circuit, a resource utilization metric of the firstsubscription based on the first operational data. In some embodiments,the method further includes determining, by the processing circuit, tothrottle the actions of the first subscription in response todetermining that the resource utilization metric exceeds a level andthrottling, by the processing circuit, the actions of the firstsubscription to reduce an amount of the actions of the firstsubscription in response to determining that the resource utilizationmetric exceeds the level.

In some embodiments, the method includes receiving, by the processingcircuit, first operational data associated with the first subscription,the first operational data indicating first actions of the firstsubscription utilizing first computing resources, receiving, by theprocessing circuit, second operational data associated with the secondsubscription, the second operational data indicating second actions ofthe second subscription utilizing the second computing resources,determining, by the processing circuit, first resource utilizationmetrics of the first subscription based on the first operational data,and determining, by the processing circuit, second resource utilizationmetrics of the second subscription based on the second operational data.

In some embodiments, the method further includes generating, by theprocessing circuit, a first bill in an amount proportional to firstresource utilization of the first subscription based on the firstresource utilization metrics and generating, by the processing circuit,a second bill in a second amount proportional to a second resourceutilization of the second subscription based on the second resourceutilization metrics.

In some embodiments, the first zone represents a first geographicboundary and the first computing resources are located within the firstgeographic boundary. In some embodiments, the second zone represents asecond geographic boundary and the second computing resources arelocated within the second geographic boundary.

In some embodiments, the first computing resources include computationalresources and storage resources. In some embodiments, the secondcomputing resources include second computational resources and secondstorage resources.

In some embodiments, the building entitlement model includes a tenant,wherein the tenant represents an entity associated with a billingboundary. In some embodiments, the tenant is linked to the subscriptionsby the building entitlement model.

In some embodiments, the building entitlement model includes a secondtenant, wherein the second tenant represents a second entity associatedwith a second billing boundary. In some embodiments, the second tenantis linked, by the building entitlement model, to a second plurality ofsubscriptions of the building entitlement model.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is one or more memorydevices having instructions thereon, that, when executed by one or moreprocessors, cause the one or more processors to manage entitlements forsubscriptions of one or more buildings with a building entitlementmodel, wherein a first subscription of the subscriptions is linked tofirst zone via the building entitlement model and a second subscriptionof the subscriptions is linked to a second zone via the buildingentitlement model. The instructions cause the one or more processors toreceive a first request to perform a first operation for the firstsubscription and a second request to perform a second operation for thesecond subscription, determine, based on the building entitlement model,whether the first subscription has a first entitlement for the firstoperation and whether the second subscription has a second entitlementfor the second operation, and implement the first operation on firstcomputing resources of the first zone based on the building entitlementmodel in response to a first determination that the first subscriptionhas the first entitlement and implement the second operation on secondcomputing resources of the second zone based on the building entitlementmodel in response to a second determination that the second subscriptionhas the second entitlement.

In some embodiments, the entitlements indicate whether the subscriptionshave authorization to utilize functional resources of a building system.

Edge Based Event Enrichment

One implementation of the present disclosure is an edge platform of abuilding communicatively coupled to a cloud system, the edge platformincluding one or more memory devices having instructions stored thereon,the one or more memory devices located on-premises within the buildingand one or more processors located on-premises within the building, theone or more processors executing the instructions causing the one ormore processors to receive an event from a piece of building equipmentof the building, the event indicating a data value associated with thepiece of building equipment occurring at a particular time. Theinstructions cause the one or more processors to identify contextualdata of a data structure that provides a contextual description of theevent, generate an enriched event by enriching the event with thecontextual data, the enriched event including the data value, theparticular time, and the contextual data, and communicate the enrichedevent to the cloud system configured to operate based on the enrichedevent.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto train one or more machine learning models stored locally by the edgeplatform based on the enriched event and perform one or more operationswith the piece of building equipment based on the one or more machinelearning models.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto identify the contextual data based on one or more enrichment rules.In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto identify second contextual data of the data structure based on one ormore second enrichment rules, generate a second enriched event byenriching the event with the second contextual data, the data value, andthe particular time, and provide the second enriched event to the cloudsystem.

In some embodiments, the data structure is a graph. In some embodiments,the instructions cause the one or more processors to identify thecontextual data by searching the graph that includes the contextualdescription of the event.

In some embodiments, the graph includes nodes and edges. In someembodiments, the nodes represent entities of the building and the edgesrepresent relationships between the entities of the building. In someembodiments, the nodes include a node representing the piece of buildingequipment. In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or moreprocessors to identify the contextual data by identifying one or morenodes of the nodes related to the node representing the piece ofbuilding equipment based on one or more edges of the edges between thenode representing the piece of building equipment and the one or morenodes.

In some embodiments, the data structure is a digital twin stored by theedge platform. In some embodiments, the digital twin of the edgeplatform is updated based on changes made to a second digital twinstored by the cloud system to synchronize the second digital twin storedby the cloud system with the digital twin of the edge platform.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto receive a change feed of change feed events indicating the changes tothe second digital twin and update the digital twin stored by the edgeplatform with the change feed by making the changes to the digital twinstored by the edge platform.

In some embodiments, the second digital twin is a graph including nodesrepresent entities of the building and plurality of edges representrelationships between the entities of the building. In some embodiments,the changes include at least one of adding a new node to the nodes ofthe graph, adding a new edge to the edges of the graph, deleting anexisting node of the nodes of the graph, deleting an existing edge ofthe edges of the graph, modifying the existing node of the nodes of thegraph, or modifying the existing edge of the edges of the graph.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto read the change feed events from a change feed topic, wherein theedge platform is subscribed to the change feed topic and receives thechange feed events in response to the change feed events being added tothe change feed topic by the cloud system.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is a method includingreceiving, by an edge platform, an event from a piece of buildingequipment of a building, the event indicating a data value associatedwith the piece of building equipment occurring at a particular time, theedge platform located on-premises within the building andcommunicatively coupled to a cloud system, identifying, by the edgeplatform contextual data of a data structure that provides a contextualdescription of the event, generating, by the edge platform an enrichedevent by enriching the event with the contextual data, the enrichedevent including the data value, the particular time, and the contextualdata, and communicating, by the edge platform, the enriched event to thecloud system configured to operate based on the enriched event.

In some embodiments, the method includes training, by the edge platformone or more machine learning models stored locally by the edge platformbased on the enriched event and performing, by the edge platform one ormore operations with the piece of building equipment based on the one ormore machine learning models.

In some embodiments, the method includes identifying, by the edgeplatform, the contextual data based on one or more enrichment rules,identifying, by the edge platform, second contextual data of the datastructure based on one or more second enrichment rules, generating, bythe edge platform, a second enriched event by enriching the event withthe second contextual data, the data value, and the particular time, andproviding, by the edge platform, the second enriched event to the cloudsystem.

In some embodiments, the data structure is a graph. In some embodiments,the method further includes identifying, by the edge platform, thecontextual data by searching the graph that includes the contextualdescription of the event.

In some embodiments, the graph includes nodes and edges. In someembodiments, the nodes represent entities of the building and the edgesrepresent relationships between the entities of the building. In someembodiments, the nodes include a node representing the piece of buildingequipment. In some embodiments, the method further includes identifying,by the edge platform, the contextual data by identifying one or morenodes of the nodes related to the node representing the piece ofbuilding equipment based on one or more edges of the edges between thenode representing the piece of building equipment and the one or morenodes.

In some embodiments, the data structure is a digital twin stored by theedge platform. In some embodiments, the method further includes updatingthe digital twin of the edge platform based on changes made to a seconddigital twin stored by the cloud system to synchronize the seconddigital twin stored by the cloud system with the digital twin of theedge platform.

In some embodiments, the method includes receiving, by the edgeplatform, a change feed of change feed events indicating the changes tothe second digital twin and updating, by the edge platform, the digitaltwin stored by the edge platform with the change feed by making thechanges to the digital twin stored by the edge platform.

In some embodiments, the second digital twin is a graph including nodesrepresent entities of the building and plurality of edges representrelationships between the entities of the building. In some embodiments,the changes include at least one of adding a new node to the nodes ofthe graph, adding a new edge to the edges of the graph, deleting anexisting node of the nodes of the graph, deleting an existing edge ofthe edges of the graph, modifying the existing node of the nodes of thegraph, or modifying the existing edge of the edges of the graph.

In some embodiments, the method includes reading, by edge platform, thechange feed events from a change feed topic, wherein the edge platformis subscribed to the change feed topic and receives the change feedevents in response to the change feed events being added to the changefeed topic by the cloud system.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is an edge platform ofa building communicatively coupled to a cloud system, the edge platformincluding one or more memory devices having instructions stored thereonand one or more processors, the one or more processors executing theinstructions causing the one or more processors to receive an event froma piece of building equipment of the building, the event indicating adata value associated with the piece of building equipment occurring ata particular time. The instructions cause the one or more processors toidentify contextual data of a data structure that provides a contextualdescription of the event, generate an enriched event by enriching theevent with the contextual data, the enriched event including the datavalue, the particular time, and the contextual data, and communicate theenriched event to the cloud system configured to operate based on theenriched event.

In some embodiments, the data structure is a graph. In some embodiments,the instructions cause the one or more processors to identify thecontextual data by searching the graph that includes the contextualdescription of the event.

Digital Twin Synchronization with External Systems

One implementation of the present disclosure is a building system of abuilding including one or more memory devices having instructionsthereon, that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one ormore processors to store a digital twin of the building including agraph data structure, the graph data structure including nodesrepresenting entities of the building and edges between the nodesrepresenting relationships between the entities of the building. Theinstructions cause the one or more processors to receive an modificationto the digital twin of the building, the update modifying at least oneof the nodes or the edges, generate a change feed event of a changefeed, the change feed event recording the modification to the graph datastructure, the change feed including change feed events representingmodifications to the graph data structure at different times, andsynchronize, based on the change feed event, an external digital twin ofthe building of an external system with the digital twin of the buildingby communicating with the external system.

In some embodiments, the entities of the building are at least one ofbuilding equipment, locations of the building, users of the building,and events of the building.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto receive the modification to the digital twin of the building byreceiving an event from a piece of building equipment of the buildingand determining, based on the event, the modification to the digitaltwin of the building.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto synchronize, based on the change feed event, the external digitaltwin of the building of the external system with the digital twin of thebuilding by communicating the change feed event to the external system,wherein the external system updates the external digital twin of thebuilding based on the change feed event.

In some embodiments, the instructions cause the one or more processorsto receive the modification to the digital twin of the building from asecond external system, wherein the modification to the digital twin ofthe building is based on a second modification made by the secondexternal system to a second external digital twin of the building storedby the second external system.

In some embodiments, the modification is at least one of adding a newnode to the nodes of the graph data structure, adding a new edge to theedges of the graph data structure, deleting an existing node of thenodes of the graph data structure, deleting an existing edge of theedges of the graph data structure, modifying the existing node of thenodes of the graph data structure, or modifying the existing edge of theedges of the graph data structure.

In some implementations, the instructions cause the one or moreprocessors to add the change feed event to a change feed topic, whereinthe external system is subscribed to the change feed topic and receivesthe change feed event in response to the change feed event being addedto the change feed topic.

In some implementations, the instructions cause the one or moreprocessors to synchronize, based on the change feed event, the externaldigital twin of the building of the external system with the digitaltwin of the building by communicating with the external system, whereinthe external digital twin of the building is in a first format differentthan a format of the digital twin of the building.

In some implementations, the instructions cause the one or moreprocessors to synchronize, based on the change feed event, a secondexternal digital twin of a second external system, the second externaldigital twin in a second format different than the first format of theexternal digital twin and the format of the digital twin of thebuilding.

In some implementations, the instructions cause the one or moreprocessors to generate a first update for the external digital twin ofthe building in the first format for the external digital twin of thebuilding of the external system based on the change feed event, generatea second update for the second external digital twin of the building inthe second format for the second external digital twin of the buildingof the second external system based on the change feed event,communicate the first update for the external digital twin of thebuilding to the external system, wherein the external system updates theexternal digital twin of the building based on the first update, andcommunicate the second update for the second external digital twin ofthe building to the second external system, wherein the second externalsystem updates the external digital twin of the building based on thesecond update.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is a method includingstoring, by a processing circuit, a digital twin of the buildingincluding a graph data structure, the graph data structure includingnodes representing entities of the building and edges between the nodesrepresenting relationships between the entities of the building. Themethod includes receiving, by the processing circuit, an modification tothe digital twin of the building, the update modifying at least one ofthe nodes or the edges, generating, by the processing circuit, a changefeed event of a change feed, the change feed event recording themodification to the graph data structure, the change feed includingchange feed events representing modifications to the graph datastructure at different times, and synchronizing, by the processingcircuit, based on the change feed event, an external digital twin of thebuilding of an external system with the digital twin of the building bycommunicating with the external system.

In some embodiments, the entities of the building are at least one ofbuilding equipment, locations of the building, users of the building,and events of the building.

In some embodiments, receiving, by the processing circuit, themodification to the digital twin of the building includes receiving anevent from a piece of building equipment of the building anddetermining, based on the event, the modification to the digital twin ofthe building.

In some embodiments, synchronizing, by the processing circuit, based onthe change feed event, the external digital twin of the building of theexternal system with the digital twin of the building includescommunicating the change feed event to the external system, wherein theexternal system updates the external digital twin of the building basedon the change feed event.

In some embodiments, the method includes receiving, by the processingcircuit, the modification to the digital twin of the building from asecond external system, wherein the modification to the digital twin ofthe building is based on a second modification made by the secondexternal system to a second external digital twin of the building storedby the second external system.

In some embodiments, the modification is at least one of adding a newnode to the nodes of the graph data structure, adding a new edge to theedges of the graph data structure, deleting an existing node of thenodes of the graph data structure, deleting an existing edge of theedges of the graph data structure, modifying the existing node of thenodes of the graph data structure, or modifying the existing edge of theedges of the graph data structure.

In some embodiments, the method further includes adding, by theprocessing circuit, the change feed event to a change feed topic,wherein the external system is subscribed to the change feed topic andreceives the change feed event in response to the change feed eventbeing added to the change feed topic.

In some embodiments, synchronizing, by the processing circuit, based onthe change feed event, the external digital twin of the building of theexternal system with the digital twin of the building includescommunicating with the external system, wherein the external digitaltwin of the building is in a first format different than a format of thedigital twin of the building.

In some embodiments, the method includes synchronizing, by theprocessing circuit, based on the change feed event, a second externaldigital twin of a second external system, the second external digitaltwin in a second format different than the first format of the externaldigital twin and the format of the digital twin of the building.

Another implementation of the present disclosure is one or more memorydevices having instructions thereon, that, when executed by one or moreprocessors, cause the one or more processors to store a digital twin ofa building including a graph data structure, the graph data structureincluding nodes representing entities of the building and edges betweenthe nodes representing relationships between the entities of thebuilding. The instructions cause the one or more processors to receivean modification to the digital twin of the building, the updatemodifying at least one of the nodes or the edges, generate a change feedevent of a change feed, the change feed event recording the modificationto the graph data structure, the change feed including change feedevents representing modifications to the graph data structure atdifferent times, and synchronize, based on the change feed event, anexternal digital twin of the building of an external system with thedigital twin of the building by communicating with the external system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various objects, aspects, features, and advantages of the disclosurewill become more apparent and better understood by referring to thedetailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings, in which like reference characters identify correspondingelements throughout. In the drawings, like reference numbers generallyindicate identical, functionally similar, and/or structurally similarelements.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a building data platform including an edgeplatform, a cloud platform, and a twin manager, according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the cloud platform and the twin manager ofFIG. 1 processing an event received from the edge platform of FIG. 1 ,according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the cloud platform of FIG. 1 processingevents shown in greater detail, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the twin manager of FIG. 1 generatingprojections and operating with components of the cloud platform of FIG.1 to enrich events, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a preprocessing workflow performed by thecloud platform of FIG. 1 to preprocess events, according to an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a discovery workflow discovering newentities from metadata and a device tree that is performed by the cloudplatform of FIG. 1 , according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of a projection workflow performed by the twinmanager of FIG. 1 generating a projection, according to an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of an enrichment workflow performed by thecloud platform of FIG. 1 enriching events with contextual information,according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of a command processing workflow performed bythe cloud platform of FIG. 1 where commands are sent to devices or arecommunicated to an external system via a connection broker, according toan exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of a messaging workflow performed by the cloudplatform of FIG. 1 where messages of building systems are received viathe edge platform of FIG. 1 and commands for the building systems arecommunicated to the building subsystems via the edge platform, accordingto an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a graph projection of the twin manager of FIG. 1 includingapplication programming interface (API) data, capability data, policydata, and services, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 12 is another graph projection of the twin manager of FIG. 1including application programming interface (API) data, capability data,policy data, and services, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a graph projection of the twin manager of FIG. 1 includingequipment and capability data for the equipment, according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a user interaction manager that handlesuser queries and requests, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a flow diagram of a process of a security dashboardcommunicating with the building data platform of FIG. 1 to reviewinformation about equipment and command the equipment, according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a flow diagram of a process where an event of buildingequipment is enriched with contextual information of a graph that can beperformed by the cloud platform of FIG. 1 , according to an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 17 is a flow diagram of a process where a change feed of eventsthat record modifications to a graph that can be performed by the twinmanager of FIG. 1 , according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a flow diagram of a process where a graph identifyingcapabilities of a piece of equipment is used to operate the piece ofequipment that can be performed by the cloud platform of FIG. 1 ,according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a flow diagram of a process where the cloud platform of FIG.1 operates different services related by a graph, according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a flow diagram of a process where a user or service isprovided with information and control abilities based on policies storedwithin a graph that can be performed by the cloud platform of FIG. 1 ,according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a flow diagram of a process where a graph projection isconstructed for a system based on projection rules, according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a flow diagram of a process where a graph is queried based onentity and event, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 23 is a block diagram of a platform manager of the cloud platformof FIG. 1 managing tenant and subscription entitlements with a tenantentitlement model, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a block diagram of the tenant entitlement model in greaterdetail, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a flow diagram of a process of managing tenant andsubscription entitlements with the tenant entitlement model, accordingto an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 26 is a block diagram of the edge platform of FIG. 1 performingevent enrichment at the edge before the events are communicated to thecloud, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 27 is a flow diagram of a process of performing event enrichment atthe edge by the edge platform of FIG. 1 before the events arecommunicated to the cloud, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 28 is a block diagram of the twin manager of FIG. 1 synchronizing adigital twin of the twin manager with digital twins of other externalsystems, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 29 is a flow diagram of a process of synchronizing a digital twinof the twin manager with digital twins of other external system,according to an exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Overview

Referring generally to the FIGURES, a building data platform is shown,according to various exemplary embodiments. The building data platformdescribed herein can be configured to facilitate the management andcontrol of a building. The building data platform can provide agility,flexibility, and scalability for building management, enabling buildingsto be dynamic spaces.

The building data platform can allow users to be able to manageoperations systemically with buildings that have memory, intelligence,and unique identities. The building data platform can be configured toperform energy and space optimization, predictive maintenance, and/orremote operations. Although the building data platform is described fora building, e.g., for building subsystems of a building (e.g., for HVACsystems, security systems, access control systems, elevator systems,fire response systems, etc.), the building data platform can be appliedto other industries, e.g., motor vehicles, airports, manufacturingsystems, transit systems, airplanes, and/or any other type of systemwhere the management of devices is desired. The building data platformcan provide seamless integration of devices regardless of brand, make,model, or subsystem.

The building data platform can include multiple components, e.g., anedge platform, a cloud platform, and a twin manager. The edge platformcan be configured to facilitate connection for the building dataplatform directly to the building systems. The edge platform canfacilitate receiving, collecting, and/or retrieving data from thebuilding subsystems. In some embodiments, the edge platform canfacilitate the command and control of the building systems for thebuilding data platform.

The cloud platform can be configured to facilitate message control forthe building data platform. The cloud platform can be configured toreceive messages of the building subsystems through the edge platformand manage the messages. The cloud platform can route messages aroundthe building data platform. Furthermore, the cloud platform canfacilitate directing operational commands for the building subsystems tothe building subsystems through the edge platform. In some embodiments,the cloud platform is configured to enrich messages received from thebuilding subsystems. The cloud platform can be configured to addcontextual information to event messages received from the buildingsubsystems via the edge platform. The contextual information can beutilized by applications that consume the event messages and can allowfor the applications to immediately have access to the contextualinformation instead of requiring the applications to query anothersystem to receive contextual information.

The twin manager can facilitate the management of a digital twin of thebuilding, e.g., the building subsystems. Digital twins can be digitalreplicas of physical entities that enable an in-depth analysis of dataof the physical entities and provide the potential to monitor systems tomitigate risks, manage issues, and utilize simulations to test futuresolutions. Digital twins can play an important role in helpingtechnicians find the root cause of issues and solve problems faster, insupporting safety and security protocols, and in supporting buildingmanagers in more efficient use of energy and other facilities resources.Digital twins can be used to enable and unify security systems, employeeexperience, facilities management, sustainability, etc.

The twin manager can be configured to track the building subsystems bystoring entities (e.g., data representing equipment, buildings, spaces,floors, software services, policies, etc.), relationships (e.g.,relationships between equipment and their locations, API calls betweensoftware services, etc.), and events (e.g., data that has occurred,measurements, commands, statuses, etc.). The twin manager can creategraph projections, e.g., a graph with nodes for the entities and eventsof the building and edges for the relationships between the entitiesand/or events. The graph projections can be built on particular policies(e.g., what entities, events, and/or relationships should be includedwithin the graph) and/or ontologies (the types of relationships thatshould be made with different types of entities and/or events). In thisregard, particular graph projections can be generated for particularsubscribers, users, systems, etc.

Referring now to FIG. 1 , a building data platform 100 including an edgeplatform 102, a cloud platform 106, and a twin manager 108 are shown,according to an exemplary embodiment. The edge platform 102, the cloudplatform 106, and the twin manager 108 can each be separate servicesdeployed on the same or different computing systems. In someembodiments, the cloud platform 106 and the twin manager 108 areimplemented in off premises computing systems, e.g., outside a building.The edge platform 102 can be implemented on-premises, e.g., within thebuilding.

The building data platform 100 includes applications 110. Theapplications 110 can be various applications that operate to manage thebuilding subsystems 122. The applications 110 can be remote oron-premises applications that run on various computing systems. Theapplications 110 can include an alarm application 168 configured tomanage alarms for the building subsystems 122. The applications 110include an assurance application 170 that implements assurance servicesfor the building subsystems 122. In some embodiments, the applications110 include an energy application 172 configured to manage the energyusage of the building subsystems 122. The applications 110 include asecurity application 174 configured to manage security systems of thebuilding.

In some embodiments, the applications 110 and/or the cloud platform 106interacts with a user device 176. In some embodiments, a component or anentire application of the applications 110 runs on the user device 176.The user device 176 may be a laptop computer, a desktop computer, asmartphone, a tablet, and/or any other device with an input interface(e.g., touch screen, mouse, keyboard, etc.) and an output interface(e.g., a speaker, a display, etc.).

The applications 110, the twin manager 108, the cloud platform 106, andthe edge platform 102 can be implemented on one or more computingsystems, e.g., on processors and/or memory devices. For example, theedge platform 102 includes processor(s) 118 and memories 120, the cloudplatform 106 includes processor(s) 124 and memories 126, theapplications 110 include processor(s) 164 and memories 166, and the twinmanager 108 includes processor(s) 148 and memories 150.

The processors can be a general purpose or specific purpose processor,an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), one or more fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGAs), a group of processing components, orother suitable processing components. The processors may be configuredto execute computer code and/or instructions stored in the memories orreceived from other computer readable media (e.g., CDROM, networkstorage, a remote server, etc.).

The memories can include one or more devices (e.g., memory units, memorydevices, storage devices, etc.) for storing data and/or computer codefor completing and/or facilitating the various processes described inthe present disclosure. The memories can include random access memory(RAM), read-only memory (ROM), hard drive storage, temporary storage,non-volatile memory, flash memory, optical memory, or any other suitablememory for storing software objects and/or computer instructions. Thememories can include database components, object code components, scriptcomponents, or any other type of information structure for supportingthe various activities and information structures described in thepresent disclosure. The memories can be communicably connected to theprocessors and can include computer code for executing (e.g., by theprocessors) one or more processes described herein.

The edge platform 102 can be configured to provide connection to thebuilding subsystems 122. The edge platform 102 can receive messages fromthe building subsystems 122 and/or deliver messages to the buildingsubsystems 122. The edge platform 102 includes one or multiple gateways,e.g., the gateways 112-116. The gateways 112-116 can act as a gatewaybetween the cloud platform 106 and the building subsystems 122. Thegateways 112-116 can be the gateways described in U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 62/951,897 filed Dec. 20, 2019, the entirety ofwhich is incorporated by reference herein. In some embodiments, theapplications 110 can be deployed on the edge platform 102. In thisregard, lower latency in management of the building subsystems 122 canbe realized.

The edge platform 102 can be connected to the cloud platform 106 via anetwork 104. The network 104 can communicatively couple the devices andsystems of building data platform 100. In some embodiments, the network104 is at least one of and/or a combination of a Wi-Fi network, a wiredEthernet network, a ZigBee network, a Bluetooth network, and/or anyother wireless network. The network 104 may be a local area network or awide area network (e.g., the Internet, a building WAN, etc.) and may usea variety of communications protocols (e.g., BACnet, IP, LON, etc.). Thenetwork 104 may include routers, modems, servers, cell towers,satellites, and/or network switches. The network 104 may be acombination of wired and wireless networks.

The cloud platform 106 can be configured to facilitate communication androuting of messages between the applications 110, the twin manager 108,the edge platform 102, and/or any other system. The cloud platform 106can include a platform manager 128, a messaging manager 140, a commandprocessor 136, and an enrichment manager 138. In some embodiments, thecloud platform 106 can facilitate messaging between the building dataplatform 100 via the network 104.

The messaging manager 140 can be configured to operate as a transportservice that controls communication with the building subsystems 122and/or any other system, e.g., managing commands to devices (C2D),commands to connectors (C2C) for external systems, commands from thedevice to the cloud (D2C), and/or notifications. The messaging manager140 can receive different types of data from the applications 110, thetwin manager 108, and/or the edge platform 102. The messaging manager140 can receive change on value data 142, e.g., data that indicates thata value of a point has changed. The messaging manager 140 can receivetimeseries data 144, e.g., a time correlated series of data entries eachassociated with a particular time stamp. Furthermore, the messagingmanager 140 can receive command data 146. All of the messages handled bythe cloud platform 106 can be handled as an event, e.g., the data142-146 can each be packaged as an event with a data value occurring ata particular time (e.g., a temperature measurement made at a particulartime).

The cloud platform 106 includes a command processor 136. The commandprocessor 136 can be configured to receive commands to perform an actionfrom the applications 110, the building subsystems 122, the user device176, etc. The command processor 136 can manage the commands, determinewhether the commanding system is authorized to perform the particularcommands, and communicate the commands to the commanded system, e.g.,the building subsystems 122 and/or the applications 110. The commandscould be a command to change an operational setting that controlenvironmental conditions of a building, a command to run analytics, etc.

The cloud platform 106 includes an enrichment manager 138. Theenrichment manager 138 can be configured to enrich the events receivedby the messaging manager 140. The enrichment manager 138 can beconfigured to add contextual information to the events. The enrichmentmanager 138 can communicate with the twin manager 108 to retrieve thecontextual information. In some embodiments, the contextual informationis an indication of information related to the event. For example, ifthe event is a timeseries temperature measurement of a thermostat,contextual information such as the location of the thermostat (e.g.,what room), the equipment controlled by the thermostat (e.g., what VAV),etc. can be added to the event. In this regard, when a consumingapplication, e.g., one of the applications 110 receives the event, theconsuming application can operate based on the data of the event, thetemperature measurement, and also the contextual information of theevent.

The enrichment manager 138 can solve a problem that when a deviceproduces a significant amount of information, the information maycontain simple data without context. An example might include the datagenerated when a user scans a badge at a badge scanner of the buildingsubsystems 122. This physical event can generate an output eventincluding such information as “DeviceBadgeScannerID,” “BadgeID,” and/or“Date/Time.” However, if a system sends this data to a consumingapplication, e.g., Consumer A and a Consumer B, each customer may needto call the building data platform knowledge service to queryinformation with queries such as, “What space, build, floor is thatbadge scanner in?” or “What user is associated with that badge?”

By performing enrichment on the data feed, a system can be able toperform inferences on the data. A result of the enrichment may betransformation of the message “DeviceBadgeScannerId, BadgeId,Date/Time,” to “Region, Building, Floor, Asset, DeviceId, BadgeId,UserName, EmployeeId, Date/Time Scanned.” This can be a significantoptimization, as a system can reduce the number of calls by 1/n, where nis the number of consumers of this data feed.

By using this enrichment, a system can also have the ability to filterout undesired events. If there are 100 building in a campus that receive100,000 events per building each hour, but only 1 building is actuallycommissioned, only 1/10 of the events are enriched. By looking at whatevents are enriched and what events are not enriched, a system can dotraffic shaping of forwarding of these events to reduce the cost offorwarding events that no consuming application wants or reads.

An example of an event received by the enrichment manager 138 may be:

-   -   {        -   “id”: “someguid”,        -   “eventType”: “Device Heartbeat”,        -   “eventTime”: “2018-01-27T00:00:00+00:00”        -   “eventValue”: 1,        -   “deviceID”: “someguid”    -   }

An example of an enriched event generated by the enrichment manager 138may be:

-   -   {        -   “id”: “someguid”,        -   “eventType”: “Device Heartbeat”,        -   “eventTime”: “2018-01-27T00:00:00+00:00”        -   “eventValue”: 1,        -   “deviceID”: “someguid”,        -   “buildingName”: “Building-48”,        -   “buildingID”: “SomeGuid”,        -   “panelID”: “SomeGuid”,        -   “panelName”: “Building-48-Panel-13”,        -   “cityID”: 371,        -   “cityName”: “Milwaukee”,        -   “stateID”: 48,        -   “stateName”: “Wisconsin (WI)”,        -   “countryID”: 1,        -   “countryName”: “United States”    -   }

By receiving enriched events, an application of the applications 110 canbe able to populate and/or filter what events are associated with whatareas. Furthermore, user interface generating applications can generateuser interfaces that include the contextual information based on theenriched events.

The cloud platform 106 includes a platform manager 128. The platformmanager 128 can be configured to manage the users and/or subscriptionsof the cloud platform 106. For example, what subscribing building, user,and/or tenant utilizes the cloud platform 106. The platform manager 128includes a provisioning service 130 configured to provision the cloudplatform 106, the edge platform 102, and the twin manager 108. Theplatform manager 128 includes a subscription service 132 configured tomanage a subscription of the building, user, and/or tenant while theentitlement service 134 can track entitlements of the buildings, users,and/or tenants.

The twin manager 108 can be configured to manage and maintain a digitaltwin. The digital twin can be a digital representation of the physicalenvironment, e.g., a building. The twin manager 108 can include a changefeed generator 152, a schema and ontology 154, a projection manager 156,a policy manager 158, an entity, relationship, and event database 160,and a graph projection database 162.

The graph projection manager 156 can be configured to construct graphprojections and store the graph projections in the graph projectiondatabase 162. Examples of graph projections are shown in FIGS. 11-13 .Entities, relationships, and events can be stored in the database 160.The graph projection manager 156 can retrieve entities, relationships,and/or events from the database 160 and construct a graph projectionbased on the retrieved entities, relationships and/or events. In someembodiments, the database 160 includes an entity-relationship collectionfor multiple subscriptions. Subscriptions can be subscriptions of aparticular tenant as described in FIG. 24 .

In some embodiment, the graph projection manager 156 generates a graphprojection for a particular user, application, subscription, and/orsystem. In this regard, the graph projection can be generated based onpolicies for the particular user, application, and/or system in additionto an ontology specific for that user, application, and/or system. Inthis regard, an entity could request a graph projection and the graphprojection manager 156 can be configured to generate the graphprojection for the entity based on policies and an ontology specific tothe entity. The policies can indicate what entities, relationships,and/or events the entity has access to. The ontology can indicate whattypes of relationships between entities the requesting entity expects tosee, e.g., floors within a building, devices within a floor, etc.Another requesting entity may have an ontology to see devices within abuilding and applications for the devices within the graph.

The graph projections generated by the graph projection manager 156 andstored in the graph projection database 162 can be a knowledge graph andis an integration point. For example, the graph projections canrepresent floor plans and systems associated with each floor.Furthermore, the graph projections can include events, e.g., telemetrydata of the building subsystems 122. The graph projections can showapplication services as nodes and API calls between the services asedges in the graph. The graph projections can illustrate thecapabilities of spaces, users, and/or devices. The graph projections caninclude indications of the building subsystems 122, e.g., thermostats,cameras, VAVs, etc. The graph projection database 162 can store graphprojections that keep up a current state of a building.

In some embodiments the enrichment manager 138 can use a graphprojection of the graph projection database 162 to enrich events. Insome embodiments, the enrichment manager 138 can identify nodes andrelationships that are associated with, and are pertinent to, the devicethat generated the event. For example, the enrichment manager 138 couldidentify a thermostat generating a temperature measurement event withinthe graph. The enrichment manager 138 can identify relationships betweenthe thermostat and spaces, e.g., a zone that the thermostat is locatedin. The enrichment manager 138 can add an indication of the zone to theevent.

Furthermore, the command processor 136 can be configured to utilize thegraph projections to command the building subsystems 122. The commandprocessor 136 can identify a policy for a commanding entity within thegraph projection to determine whether the commanding entity has theability to make the command. For example, the command processor 136,before allowing a user to make a command, determine, based on the graphprojection database 162, to determine that the user has a policy to beable to make the command.

In some embodiments, the policies can be conditional based policies. Forexample, the building data platform 100 can apply one or moreconditional rules to determine whether a particular system has theability to perform an action. In some embodiments, the rules analyze abehavioral based biometric. For example, a behavioral based biometriccan indicate normal behavior and/or normal behavior rules for a system.In some embodiments, when the building data platform 100 determines,based on the one or more conditional rules, that an action requested bya system does not match a normal behavior, the building data platform100 can deny the system the ability to perform the action and/or requestapproval from a higher level system.

For example, a behavior rule could indicate that a user has access tolog into a system with a particular IP address between 8 A.M. through 5P.M. However, if the user logs in to the system at 7 P.M., the buildingdata platform 110 may contact an administrator to determine whether togive the user permission to log in.

The change feed generator 152 can be configured to generate a feed ofevents that indicate changes to the digital twin, e.g., to the graph.The change feed generator 152 can track changes to the entities,relationships, and/or events of the graph. For example, the change feedgenerator 152 can detect an addition, deletion, and/or modification of anode or edge of the graph, e.g., changing the entities, relationships,and/or events within the database 160. In response to detecting a changeto the graph, the change feed generator 152 can generate an eventsummarizing the change. The event can indicate what nodes and/or edgeshave changed and how the nodes and edges have changed. The events can beposted to a topic by the change feed generator 152.

The change feed generator 152 can implement a change feed of a knowledgegraph. The building data platform 100 can implement a subscription tochanges in the knowledge graph. When the change feed generator 152 postsevents in the change feed, subscribing systems or applications canreceive the change feed event. By generating a record of all changesthat have happened, a system can stage data in different ways, and thenreplay the data back in whatever order the system wishes. This caninclude running the changes sequentially one by one and/or by jumpingfrom one major change to the next. For example, to generate a graph at aparticular time, all change feed events up to the particular time can beused to construct the graph.

The change feed can track the changes in each node in the graph and therelationships related to them, in some embodiments. If a user wants tosubscribe to these changes and the user has proper access, the user cansimply submit a web API call to have sequential notifications of eachchange that happens in the graph. A user and/or system can replay thechanges one by one to reinstitute the graph at any given time slice.Even though the messages are “thin” and only include notification ofchange and the reference “id/seq id,” the change feed can keep a copy ofevery state of each node and/or relationship so that a user and/orsystem can retrieve those past states at any time for each node.Furthermore, a consumer of the change feed could also create dynamic“views” allowing different “snapshots” in time of what the graph lookslike from a particular context. While the twin manager 108 may containthe history and the current state of the graph based upon schemaevaluation, a consumer can retain a copy of that data, and therebycreate dynamic views using the change feed.

The schema and ontology 154 can define the message schema and graphontology of the twin manager 108. The message schema can define whatformat messages received by the messaging manager 140 should have, e.g.,what parameters, what formats, etc. The ontology can define graphprojections, e.g., the ontology that a user wishes to view. For example,various systems, applications, and/or users can be associated with agraph ontology. Accordingly, when the graph projection manager 156generates an graph projection for a user, system, or subscription, thegraph projection manager 156 can generate a graph projection accordingto the ontology specific to the user. For example, the ontology candefine what types of entities are related in what order in a graph, forexample, for the ontology for a subscription of “Customer A,” the graphprojection manager 156 can create relationships for a graph projectionbased on the rule:

-   -   Region↔Building↔Floor↔Space↔Asset

For the ontology of a subscription of “Customer B,” the graph projectionmanager 156 can create relationships based on the rule:

-   -   Building↔Floor↔Asset

The policy manager 158 can be configured to respond to requests fromother applications and/or systems for policies. The policy manager 158can consult a graph projection to determine what permissions differentapplications, users, and/or devices have. The graph projection canindicate various permissions that different types of entities have andthe policy manager 158 can search the graph projection to identify thepermissions of a particular entity. The policy manager 158 canfacilitate fine grain access control with user permissions. The policymanager 158 can apply permissions across a graph, e.g., if “user canview all data associated with floor 1” then they see all subsystem datafor that floor, e.g., surveillance cameras, HVAC devices, fire detectionand response devices, etc.

Referring now to FIG. 2 , the cloud platform 106 and the twin manager108 processing an event received from the edge platform 102 is shown,according to an exemplary embodiment. The cloud platform 106 includes apreprocessor 202, topics 204, the enrichment manager 138, and enrichedevents 208. The twin manager 108 is shown to include the entity,relationship, and event database 160, the schema and ontology 154, andthe projection manager 156. The projection manager 156 includes thepolicy manager 158, a graph projection generator 210, and the graphprojection database 162.

Data received from the edge platform 102, or any other system describedherein, can be converted into an event if the data is not alreadyformatted as an event by the messaging manager 140. The messagingmanager 140 can provide events to the preprocessor 202. The preprocessor202 can analyze the events to make sure the events are formattedproperly. For example, the preprocessor 202 can make a call to theschema and ontology 154 of the twin manager 108 to identify the schemafor the event. The preprocessor 202 can determine whether the format ofthe event is correct based on the schema.

Furthermore, the preprocessor 202 can identify what topic the eventbelongs to, e.g., whether the event relates to a change for the graphprojection database 162 or whether the event relates to telemetry dataof a building. The preprocessor 202 can provide the event to theappropriate topics of the topics 204.

The enrichment manager 138 can be configured to enrich the events of oneor more particular topics of the topics 204. The enrichment manager 138can receive a schema for enrichment and a graph projection forenrichment. In some embodiments, the ontology received by the enrichmentmanager 138 can define enrichment rules for particular types of events,e.g., what information should be shown for particular events. Forexample, for an event of a thermostat, the rules may define thatlocation and equipment being controlled by the thermostat should beenriched into the event.

The graph projection including all of the nodes and edges that definethe contextual information associated with the event can be received bythe enrichment manager 138 from the graph projection database 162. Thereceived projection can include the information that is added into theevents as part of the enrichment. The enriched events 208 are thenprovided to the applications 110 for processing where the applications110 operate based on the original data of the event as well as thecontextual information enriched into the event.

The graph projection generator 210 is shown to receive data from theentity, relationship, and event database 160. Furthermore, the graphprojection generator 210 can receive an ontology from the schema andontology 154. The graph projection generator 210 can generate a graphprojection based on the ontology and the data received from the database160. The graph projection can be stored in the graph projection database162. Furthermore, the policy manager 158 can select different ontologiesto provide to the graph projection generator 210 and/or the enrichmentmanager 138. In this regard, based on the entity (e.g., application orsystem) that will be consuming a graph projection and/or receiving anenriched event, the policy manager 158 can select an ontology specificto the entity.

Referring now to FIG. 3 , the cloud platform 106 processing events isshown, according to an exemplary embodiment. The preprocessor 202receives events and processes the events through a consumer feed filter.The consumer feed filter can filter events into particular topics forconsumption by various consumers, e.g., for particular event topics 324.In this regard, a particular application or system can create asubscription in the topic to subscription map 302 and the correspondingevents of a topic can be added to the topic of the event topics 324.

The preprocessor 202 includes a schema validator 306. The schemavalidator can make a call to the schema and ontology 154 and receive aschema or set of schemas for validating the events to determine whetherthe event is formatted in an allowed schema and/or includes the minimumfields. If the event is properly formatted (e.g., matches an approvedschema of the schema and ontology 154), the event can be provided to arouter 308. If the event is not properly formatted, the event can beadded to the malformed device tree 336. A user and/or analysis systemcan review the malformed device tree 336 to determine systemconfiguration errors. For example, the cloud platform 106 could identifyimproper graph configurations where nodes or relationships are missingwithin the graph.

The router 308 can add the event to one or more topics of the topic 204.One topic of the topics 310 is a change feed topic 310. Graph changefeed events are created by the change feed generator 152 and added tothe change feed topic 310. The topics 204 further include raw eventstopic 312, metadata topic 314, and device tree topic 316. The router canfan the event into various topics based on a type of the event.

The metadata topic 314 can include metadata 320. The metadata may bedata describing entities (e.g., equipment) and/or capabilities and/orpolicies associated with the entities. During a discovery phase that thecloud platform 106 can be configured to operate in, where equipment isdiscovered by the cloud platform 106, or during a normal operating modeof the cloud platform 106, metadata events can be added to the metadatatopic 314 to update the entities, relationships, and events of thedatabase 160, e.g., build up the graph projections.

In some embodiments, all events are added into the raw event topic. Insome embodiments, if an event relates to how the graph is represented,the event is added into the metadata topic 314. In some embodiments, ifthe event represents a new device or set of devices, the device is addedto the device tree topic 316. In some embodiments, the device tree dataof the device tree topic 316 can be a type of event that describes anobject or asset discovered by the cloud platform 106 that contains therelationship of that object to other objects of similar context

A raw event 318 of the raw events topic 312 can be provided to theenrichment manager 206 for enrichment. The enrichment manager 206 canreceive a graph projection from the graph projection database 162 andenrich the raw event 318 based on context of the graph projection. Insome embodiments, the enrichment manager 206 can enrich the raw event318 based on one or more user rules. For example, the rules could be toenrich indications of assets shown within a field of view of a camerawhere the event is a frame or set of frames captured by the camera. Theenriched events can be enriched based on destination. For example, theevent can be enriched according to the system that will be receiving theevent. In this regard, the event can be enriched multiple differenttimes for multiple different receiving systems.

Enrichment may help systems operate quickly. For example, a person mayscan a badge at a door. An application may look up the user of the badgewith the badge number. Furthermore, the application may look up whatequipment and what place the scanner is associated with. However, byperforming multiple searches, the processing of the applications may beslow. However, with the enrichment of the enrichment manager 206, atelemetry event such as scanning a door badge can add floor indications,user identifications, etc. so that the receiving application can operateon the event and contextual information without needing to search forand/or retrieve the contextual information.

The enriched event can be added to the event topics 324. The eventtopics 324 can be subscribed to by various systems. For example, a graphprojection processor 326 can make updates to projections of the graphprojection database 162 based on the enriched event. For examplestelemetry data could be added to the graph projection database 162,statuses of equipment could be added to the graph projection database162, etc. The persist service 328 can persist the enriched events in anevents database 332. Furthermore, a publisher 330 can provide theenriched events to the applications 110, e.g., to particularapplications subscribed to the enriched events.

Referring now to FIG. 4 , the twin manager 108 generating projectionsand operating with components of the cloud platform 106 to enrich eventsis shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. The twin manager 108includes an event manager 404. The event manager can receive data from auser device and/or another system. The event manager 404 can receive anaddition of an event type, an addition of an event stream, a new event,and/or a new event subscription. Based on the received information, theevent manager 404 can be configured to update the topic to subscriptionmap 408. Furthermore, if the received information indicates changes tothe graph projections of the graph projection database 162, the eventmanager 404 can be configured to generate a change event for a changefeed.

The twin manager 108 includes a query manager 402. The query manager 402can receive a query or a post from a user device or another system. Thequery manager 402 can be configured to query the entity, relationship,and/or event database 160 based on the query. An ontology received fromthe schema and ontology 154 can define the query that the query manager402 makes to the database 160. In some embodiments, the query manager402 can be configured to upsert new entities, relationships, and/orevents into the database 160. In some embodiments, the query manager 402constructs a query or determines whether to upsert information to thedatabase 160 based on an access control list received from the policymanager 158. In this regard, the entity requesting information through aquery or sending a post of new information can be verified for havingthe proper access policy by the policy manager 158 and the query manager402.

The policy manager 158 is shown to receive projections from the graphprojection generator 210. In some embodiments, the policy manager 158can receive the projections from the graph projection database 162. Thepolicy manager 158 can be configured to receive a request for access toinformation and can review the graph to determine whether the requestingentity has the proper access to the information. The policy manager 158can serve access control lists determined from the graph projections tothe query manager 402. The policy manager 158 can serve the accesscontrol list to the schema and ontology 154 for use in providing anontology to the enrichment manager 206 and/or for user in determiningprojection rules for the graph projection generator 210.

Referring now to FIG. 5 , a preprocessing workflow 500 performed by thecloud platform 106 to preprocess events is shown, according to anexemplary embodiment. Events can be received by the platform 106. Thecloud platform 106 can filter the events in step 502. The events can befiltered into schema discovery, e.g., a new message schema, forfiltering into an existing schema message category. Furthermore, in step502, the cloud platform 106 can add subscription identifier and entityinformation to the event. For example, the subscription identifier canbe looked up in step 504 via the topic to subscription map 408. Theentity information can indicate the entity related to the event, e.g.,the entity that created the event. For example, a thermostat, theentity, may have generated a temperature measurement, the event.

If the message is for a schema discovery (step 506), the cloud platform106 can post the schema used in the message in the schema and ontology154 or alternatively proceed to step 512. In step 508, the cloudplatform 106 can lookup valid message schemas from the schema andontology 154. In step 512, the cloud platform 106 can determine whetherthe schema of the event is valid or invalid based on the valid messageschemas. In step 514, if the schema is invalid, the event can be addedto an invalid schema deadletter where invalid schema events are stored.If the schema is valid, the event can be routed to message topics basedon a type of the message in step 516, e.g., whether the event ismetadata, a raw event, etc.

Referring now to FIG. 6 , a discovery workflow 600 discovering newentities from metadata 314 and a device tree 322 that is performed bythe cloud platform 106 is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment.The cloud platform 106 can receive the metadata 314 and start a processtimer in step 602. In step 604, the cloud platform 106 can transform andmap device, type, and capabilities. The cloud platform 106 can referencea missing type to schema mapping. In step 610, the cloud platform 106can look up a reference mapping for the metadata, definitions ofentities for the metadata, a tenant associated with the metadata, and/orother information of an entity relationship collection. In step 608, thenew device types can be persisted as metadata 616 and added to ametadata device table 614.

In step 628, the cloud platform 106 can start a process timer inresponse to receiving the device tree 322. The device tree 322 can beanalyzed to determine what action, e.g., verb, operation, or subjectincluded within the device tree 322 is to be performed. The action maybe an insert, update, or delete command for the graph projections. Instep 618, the cloud platform 106 can transform or map the device treebased on metadata stored in the device metadata 616. In step 634, thecloud platform 106 can evaluate the process and determine if a messagehas already been processed. In step 620 the processor cost can becalculated and in step 622 the event can be logged in the processing log613. In step 636 the new data for insertion, updating, and/or deletioncan be posted.

In response to receiving the device tree 322, the cloud platform 106 canstart a process timer in step 628. The cloud platform 106 can analyzethe device tree 322 for a verb, operation, and/or subject to constructan insert command, an update command, and/or a delete command 632.

Referring now to FIG. 7 , a projection workflow 700 performed by thetwin manager 108 is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. In step702, the twin manager 108 can receive a change feed event from thechange feed generator 152. Based on the change feed event, in step 704,the twin manager 108 can generate a graph projection and store the graphprojection. The twin manager 108 can edit existing graph projections ofthe graph projection database 162 based on the change feed event. Thetwin manager 108 can replace an existing graph projection of the graphprojection database 162 with a new graph projection created responsiveto receiving the change feed event.

The twin manager 108 can receive a query from the query manager 706. Thequery may be a query for information of a graph projection and/or aquery for a graph projection itself. The query can originate from arequesting application, system, or user device. The twin manager 108can, in step 708, retrieve a graph projection based on a policy for therequesting system.

The twin manager 108 can retrieve policies from a policy database 161 todetermine which graph projection the querying system has access to. Inresponse to retrieving the appropriate graph projection from the graphprojection database 162, the twin manager 108 can construct a queryresponse including the specific information from the graph projectionand/or the graph projection itself. The twin manager 108 can return thequery response to the query manager 706.

Referring now to FIG. 8 , an enrichment workflow 800 performed by thecloud platform 106 enriching events with contextual information isshown, according to an exemplary embodiment. The cloud platform 106receives an internal event 802, metadata 320, a device tree 322, and araw event 314. The internal event 802 may be an event created by thebuilding data platform 100 requiring enrichment. Each data elementreceived can be enriched according to the workflow 800.

In step 806, in response to receiving an event, a process timer can bestarted. In step 808, the cloud platform 106 can get an event type forthe event from an event type storage 812 and a projection type from aprojection type storage 814. In this regard, a projection type specificto the event can be retrieved. The specific projection identified can beretrieved in step 810 and entities and relationships specific forenriching the event can be retrieved from the graph projection. Based onthe entities and relationships, a custom enrichment can be generated instep 816 for the event.

In some embodiments, some events may not be associated with any eventtype and/or projection type. In response to identifying an event thatcannot be enriched, the cloud platform 106 can add the event to a deadletter 820. The dead letter 820 can be reviewed by users and/or systemsto identify errors in the operation of the cloud platform 106 and/orissues with the systems creating the events.

Referring now to FIG. 9 , a command processing workflow 900 performed bythe cloud platform 106 where commands are sent to devices or arecommunicated to an external system via a connection broker is shown,according to an exemplary embodiment. The cloud platform 106 can receivean internal command 902 and/or an external command 904. The internalcommand 902 can be a command generated by a component of the buildingdata platform 100. The external command 904 can be a command generatedby an external device or system, e.g., the user device 176.

In step 906, the internal command 902 and/or the external command 904can be received and a process timer started. In step 908, the cloudplatform 106 can authorize the command to determine whether the entityrequesting the command is authorized to perform the command. Forexample, the cloud platform 106 can search a graph projection of thegraph projection database 162 for policies and capabilities to determinewhether the requesting entity has access to make the command that theentity is making.

If the command is not authorized, in step 910 the event can be logged ina processing log 912. In step 914, the cloud platform 106 can determinewhether the command is a command for a device of the building subsystems122, e.g., a command to device (C2D) command or a command for anexternal system that will be handled via a connector, a command toconnector (C2C) command. In response to the command being a C2D command,the cloud platform 106 can enqueue the message to be sent to a devicevia a device hub in step 916. The cloud platform 106 can consult a graphprojection to identify the device hub responsible for handling commandsfor the device.

If the command is a C2C command, the cloud platform 106 can select aconnection broker 918 in step 922. The connection broker 918 can be acomponent configured to communicate and integrate with external systems,e.g., the external system 920. For example, an office program suite, avirtual meeting platform, an email server, etc. can all integrate withthe building data platform 100 via the connection broker 918. The cloudplatform 106 can select the appropriate connection broker for thecommand by searching a graph projection of the graph projection database162.

Referring now to FIG. 10 , a messaging workflow 1000 performed by thecloud platform 106 where messages of building subsystems 122 arereceived via the edge platform 102 and commands for the buildingsubsystems 122 are communicated to the building subsystems 122 via theedge platform 102 is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. Thecloud platform 106 can receive data events from building subsystems 122via an edge platform 102 through device hubs 1002 and 1004 specific todevices of the building subsystems 122.

The device hubs 1002 and 1004 can post events into topics 1006 and 1008.A source identifier 1010 subscribed to the topics 1006 and 1008 can lookup an identifier of the device hub based on an identifier of the deviceand post the event into a data feed topic 1011 associated with thedevice hub in a device hub identifier mapping to device identifier 1012.An event handler 1018 can provide the event to the preprocessor 202.

The C2D command of the command processing workflow 900. The command canbe posted in a C2D message topic 1014. A command processor 1016subscribed to the C2D message topic 1014 can read the C2D messages andprovide the C2D commands to the appropriate device topics, e.g., topic1006 or topic 1008. The device hubs 1002 and/or 1004 can pick up the C2Dcommands and operate the building subsystems 122 via the C2D command.

Referring now to FIG. 11 , a graph projection 1100 of the twin manager108 including application programming interface (API) data, capabilitydata, policy data, and services is shown, according to an exemplaryembodiment. The graph projection 1100 includes nodes 1102-1140 and edges1150-1172. The nodes 1102-1140 and the edges 1150-1172 are definedaccording to the key 1101. The nodes 1102-1140 represent different typesof entities, devices, locations, points, persons, policies, and softwareservices (e.g., API services). The edges 1150-1172 representrelationships between the nodes 1102-1140, e.g., dependent calls, APIcalls, inferred relationships, and schema relationships (e.g., BRICKrelationships).

The graph projection 1100 includes a device hub 1102 which may representa software service that facilitates the communication of data andcommands between the cloud platform 106 and a device of the buildingsubsystems 122, e.g., door actuator 1114. The device hub 1102 is relatedto a connector 1104, an external system 1106, and a digital asset “DoorActuator” 1108 by edge 1150, edge 1152, and edge 1154.

The cloud platform 106 can be configured to identify the device hub1102, the connector 1104, the external system 1106 related to the dooractuator 1114 by searching the graph projection 1100 and identifying theedges 1150-1154 and edge 1158. The graph projection 1100 includes adigital representation of the “Door Actuator,” node 1108. The digitalasset “Door Actuator” 1108 includes a “DeviceNameSpace” represented bynode 1108 and related to the digital asset “Door Actuator” 1108 by the“Property of Object” edge 1156.

The “Door Actuator” 1114 has points and timeseries. The “Door Actuator”1114 is related to “Point A” 1116 by a “has_a” edge 1160. The “DoorActuator” 1114 is related to “Point B” 1118″ by a “has_A” edge 1158.Furthermore, timeseries associated with the points A and B arerepresented by nodes “TS” 1120 and “TS” 1122. The timeseries are relatedto the points A and B by “has_a” edge 1164 and “has_a” edge 1162. Thetimeseries “TS” 1120 has particular samples, sample 1110 and 1112 eachrelated to “TS” 1120 with edges 1168 and 1166 respectively. Each sampleincludes a time and a value. Each sample may be an event received fromthe door actuator that the cloud platform 106 ingests into the entity,relationship, and event database 160, e.g., ingests into the graphprojection 1100.

The graph projection 1100 includes a building 1134 representing aphysical building. The building includes a floor represented by floor1132 related to the building 1134 by the “has_a” edge from the building1134 to the floor 1132. The floor has a space indicated by the edge“has_a” 1170 between the floor 1132 and the space 1130. The space hasparticular capabilities, e.g., is a room that can be booked for ameeting, conference, private study time, etc. Furthermore, the bookingcan be canceled. The capabilities for the floor 1132 are represented bycapabilities 1128 related to space 1130 by edge 1180. The capabilities1128 are related to two different commands, command “book room” 1124 andcommand “cancel booking” 1126 related to capabilities 1128 by edge 1184and edge 1182 respectively.

If the cloud platform 106 receives a command to book the spacerepresented by the node, space 1130, the cloud platform 106 can searchthe graph projection 1100 for the capabilities for the 1128 related tothe space 1128 to determine whether the cloud platform 106 can book theroom.

In some embodiments, the cloud platform 106 could receive a request tobook a room in a particular building, e.g., the building 1134. The cloudplatform 106 could search the graph projection 1100 to identify spacesthat have the capabilities to be booked, e.g., identify the space 1130based on the capabilities 1128 related to the space 1130. The cloudplatform 106 can reply to the request with an indication of the spaceand allow the requesting entity to book the space 1130.

The graph projection 1100 includes a policy 1136 for the floor 1132. Thepolicy 1136 is related set for the floor 1132 based on a “To Floor” edge1174 between the policy 136 ad the floor 1132. The policy 1136 isrelated to different roles for the floor 1132, read events 1138 and sendcommand 1140. The policy 1136 is set for the entity 1103 based on hasedge 1151 between the entity 1103 and the policy 1136.

The twin manager 108 can identify policies for particular entities,e.g., users, software applications, systems, devices, etc. based on thepolicy 1136. For example, if the cloud platform 106 receives a commandto book the space 1130. The cloud platform 106 can communicate with thetwin manager 108 to verify that the entity requesting to book the space1130 has a policy to book the space. The twin manager 108 can identifythe entity requesting to book the space as the entity 1103 by searchingthe graph projection 1100. Furthermore, the twin manager 108 can furtheridentify the edge has 1151 between the entity 1103 and the policy 1136and the edge 1178 between the policy 1136 and the command 1140.

Furthermore, the twin manager 108 can identify that the entity 1103 hasthe ability to command the space 1130 based on the edge 1174 between thepolicy 1136 and the edge 1170 between the floor 1132 and the space 1130.In response to identifying the entity 1103 has the ability to book thespace 1130, the twin manager 108 can provide an indication to the cloudplatform 106.

Furthermore, if the entity makes a request to read events for the space1130, e.g., the sample 1110 and the sample 1112, the twin manager 108can identify the edge has 1151 between the entity 1103 and the policy1136, the edge 1178 between the policy 1136 and the read events 1138,the edge 1174 between the policy 1136 and the floor 1132, the “has_a”edge 1170 between the floor 1132 and the space 1130, the edge 1168between the space 1130 and the door actuator 1114, the edge 1160 betweenthe door actuator 1114 and the point A 1116, the “has_a” edge 1164between the point A 1116 and the TS 1120, and the edges 1168 and 1166between the TS 1120 and the samples 1110 and 1112 respectively.

Referring now to FIG. 12 , a graph projection 1200 of the twin manager108 including application programming interface (API) data, capabilitydata, policy data, and services is shown, according to an exemplaryembodiment. The graph projection 1200 includes the nodes and edgesdescribed in the graph projection 1100 of FIG. 11 . The graph projection1200 includes a connection broker 1254 related to capabilities 1128 byedge 1298 a. The connection broker 1254 can be a node representing asoftware application configured to facilitate a connection with anothersoftware application. In some embodiments, the cloud platform 106 canidentify the system that implements the capabilities 1128 by identifyingthe edge 1298 a between the capabilities 1128 and the connection broker1254.

The connection broker 1254 is related to an agent that optimizes a space1256 via edge 1298 b. The agent represented by the node 1256 can bookand cancel bookings for the space represented by the node 1130 based onthe edge 1298 b between the connection broker 1254 and the node 1256 andthe edge 1298 a between the capabilities 1128 and the connection broker1254.

The connection broker 1254 is related to a cluster 1208 by edge 1298 c.Cluster 1208 is related to connector B 1201 via edge 1298 e andconnector A 1206 via edge 1298 d. The connector A 1206 is related to anexternal subscription service 1204. A connection broker 1210 is relatedto cluster 1208 via an edge 1211 representing a rest call that theconnection broker represented by node 1210 can make to the clusterrepresented by cluster 1208.

The connection broker 1210 is related to a virtual meeting platform 1212by an edge 1254. The node 1212 represents an external system thatrepresents a virtual meeting platform. The connection broker representedby node 1210 can represent a software component that facilitates aconnection between the cloud platform 106 and the virtual meetingplatform represented by node 1212. When the cloud platform 106 needs tocommunicate with the virtual meeting platform represented by the node1212, the cloud platform 106 can identify the edge 1254 between theconnection broker 1210 and the virtual meeting platform 1212 and selectthe connection broker represented by the node 1210 to facilitatecommunication with the virtual meeting platform represented by the node1212.

A capabilities node 1218 can be connected to the connection broker 1210via edge 1260. The capabilities 1218 can be capabilities of the virtualmeeting platform represented by the node 1212 and can be related to thenode 1212 through the edge 1260 to the connection broker 1210 and theedge 1254 between the connection broker 1210 and the node 1212. Thecapabilities 1218 can define capabilities of the virtual meetingplatform represented by the node 1212. The capabilities may be an invitebob command represented by node 1216 and an email bob commandrepresented by node 1214. The capabilities 1218 can be linked to a node1220 representing a user, Bob. The cloud platform 106 can facilitateemail commands to send emails to the user Bob via the email servicerepresented by the node 1204. Furthermore, the cloud platform 106 canfacilitate sending an invite for a virtual meeting via the virtualmeeting platform represented by the node 1212.

The node 1220 for the user Bob can be associated with the policy 1136via the “has” edge 1264. Furthermore, the node 1220 can have a “checkpolicy” edge 1266 with a portal node 1224. The portal node 1224 has anedge 1268 to the policy node 1136. The portal node 1224 has an edge 1223to a node 1226 representing a user input manager (UIM). The UIM node1226 has an edge 1223 to a device API node 1228. The door actuator node1114 has an edge 1274 to the device API node 1228. The door actuator1114 has an edge 1235 to the connector virtual object 1234. The deviceAPI node 1228 can be an API for the door actuator 1114.

The device API node 1228 is related to a transport connection broker1230 via an edge 1229. The transport connection broker 1230 is relatedto a device hub 1232 via an edge 1278. The device hub represented bynode 1232 can be a software component that hands the communication ofdata and commands for the door actuator 1114. The cloud platform 106 canidentify where to store data within the graph projection 1200 receivedfrom the door actuator by identifying the nodes and edges between thepoints 1116 and 1118 and the device hub node 1232. Similarly, the cloudplatform 1208 can identify commands for the door actuator that can befacilitated by the device hub represented by the node 1232, e.g., byidentifying edges between the device hub node 1232 and an open door node1252 and an lock door node 1250. The door actuator 114 has an edge “hasmapped an asset” 1180 between the node 1114 and a capabilities node1248. The capabilities node 1248 and the nodes 1252 and 1250 are linkedby edges 1296 and 1294.

The device hub 1232 is linked to a cluster 1236 via an edge 1284. Thecluster 1236 is linked to connector A 1240 and connector B 1238 by edges1286 and the edge 1288. The connector A 1240 and the connector B 1238 islinked to an external system 1244 via edges 1288 and 1290. The externalsystem 1244 is linked to a door actuator 1242 via an edge 1292.

Referring now to FIG. 13 , a graph projection 1300 of the twin manager108 including equipment and capability data for the equipment is shown,according to an exemplary embodiment. The graph projection 1300 includesnodes 1302-1356 and edges 1260-1398 f. The cloud platform 106 can searchthe graph projection 1300 to identify capabilities of different piecesof equipment.

A building 120 node 1304 represents a particular building that includestwo floors. A floor 1 node 1302 is linked to the building 120 node 1304via edge 1360 while a floor 2 node 1306 is linked to the building 120node 1304 via edge 1362. The floor 2 includes a particular room 2023represented by edge 1364 between floor 2 node 1306 and room 2023 node1308. Various pieces of equipment are included within the room 2023. Alight represented by light node 1316, a bedside lamp node 1314, abedside lamp node 1312, and a hallway light node 1310 are related toroom 2023 node 1308 via edge 1366, edge 1372, edge 1370, and edge 1368.

The light represented by light node 1316 is related to a light connector1326 via edge 1384. The light connector 1326 is related to multiplecommands for the light represented by the light node 1316. The commandsmay be a brightness setpoint 1324, an on command 1326, and a huesetpoint 1328. The cloud platform 106 can receive a request to identifycommands for the light represented by the light 1316 and can identifythe nodes 1324-1328 and provide an indication of the commandsrepresented by the node 1324-1328 to the requesting entity. Therequesting entity can then send commands for the commands represented bythe nodes 1324-1328.

The bedside lamp node 1314 is linked to a bedside lamp connector 1381via an edge 1313. The connector 1381 is related to commands for thebedside lamp represented by the bedside lamp node 1314 via edges 1392,1396, and 1394. The command nodes are a brightness setpoint node 1332,an on command node 1334, and a color command 1340. The hallway light1310 is related to a hallway light connector 1346 via an edge 1398 d.The hallway light connector 1346 is linked to multiple commands for thehallway light node 1310 via edges 1398 g, 1398 f, and 1398 e. Thecommands are represented by an on command node 1352, a hue setpoint node1350, and a light bulb activity node 1348.

The graph projection 1300 includes a name space node 1322 related to aserver A node 1318 and a server B node 1320 via edges 1374 and 1376. Thename space node 1322 is related to the bedside lamp connector 1381, thebedside lamp connector 1344, and the hallway light connector 1346 viaedges 1382, 1380, and 1378.

Referring now to FIG. 14 , a block diagram of a user interaction manager1402 that handles user queries and requests is shown, according to anexemplary embodiment. The user interaction manager 1402 can be acomponent of the cloud platform 106. The user interaction manager 1402in some embodiments, is a system separate from the cloud platform 106.The user interaction manager 1402 includes processor(s) 1404 andmemories 1406. The processor(s) 1404 and the memories 1406 can besimilar to, or the same as, the processors and memories described withreference to FIG. 1 .

The user interaction manager 1402 receives an APPLE query from the userdevice 176. The user interaction manager 1402 can be configured to querythe graph based on the APPLE query and generate a query response basedon the APPLE query and return the query response to the user device 176.Although the user device 176 is shown in FIG. 14 to send the APPLE queryto the user interaction manager 1402 and receive the query response, anycomputing system can send a query and receive a query response from theuser interaction manager 1402, e.g., the applications 110, the buildingsubsystems 122, etc.

The APPLE query can include an asset parameter 1410, a point parameter1412, a people parameter 1414, a location parameter 1416, and an eventparameter 1418 that a query parser 1408 of the user interaction manager1402 can utilize in querying a graph projection. The graph parser 1408can query the graph with entities 1420 and/or relationships 1426 whichcan indicate capabilities 1434, commands 1436, schema type 1438 and/orentity relationship history 1440.

The user interaction manager 1402 can analyze event type registration1422, subscriptions to events 1424, filtering for relevant events 1428,validating events 1430, identifying event history 1442, and performevent enrichment 1444. For example, events received at an ingress 1454from a device hub 1452 can be validated according to a schema. If thevalidator 1430 determines that the entity is not of a valid schema, thevalidator 1430 can add the event to a dead letter 1456.

A policy evaluator 1432 of the user interaction manager 1402 candetermine whether the user of the user device 176 (or another system orapplication) has the appropriate policies to view information of thegraph and/or make the commands indicated by the user device 176. Thepolicy evaluator 1432 can determine whether or not to implement acommand based on command policies for the user device 176 which may beindicated by a graph projection. Furthermore, the policy evaluator 1432can determine whether or not to respond to a query based on whether theuser device 176 has access to view the queried information. The policyevaluator 1432 can be configured to generate a policy projection 1476.Data access 1446 and 1448 can provide access to assets, points, people,locations, and events. The data access 1446 and/or 1448 can retrievedata of the building subsystems 122 via the connector 1474 and/or viathe database 1468 including entities 1472 and relationships 1470. A dataretention layer 1450 can retain a record of all queries and queryresponses.

The user interaction manager 1402 can provide a UI for the provisioningservice 130 to provision tenants. A tenant management system can providetenant and/or subscription services for generating new customersubscriptions, e.g., subscriptions for a tenant of a building.Similarly, the provisioning service 130 can receive policies and/ordevice management commands from the tenant management system 1478 forcreating a graph projection for the customer subscription.

Referring now to FIG. 15 , a process 1500 of a security dashboard 1502communicating with the building data platform 100 to review informationabout equipment and command the equipment is shown, according to anexemplary embodiment. The process 1500 can be performed by the buildingdata platform 100. In some embodiments, the twin manager 108, theapplications 110, and/or the cloud platform 106 can perform the process1500. In FIG. 15 , a security dashboard 1502, the user interactionmanager 1402, a cache 1504, a device interface manager 1506, the policymanager 158, and a transport manager 1510 are shown to perform theprocess 1500. The aforementioned components can be components of theapplications 110, the twin manager 108, and the cloud platform 106.

In step 1512, the security dashboard 1502 can receive a command from auser to look at doors with active alarms on a particular floor, a secondfloor of a building. In some embodiments, the security dashboard 1502 isan application run by the applications 110. In some embodiments, theuser interacts with the security dashboard 1502 via the user device 176.

In step 1514, the security dashboard 1502 queries the user interactionmanager 1402 for assets and events, in particular, doors (assets) withan active alarm (event) on a second floor (asset). In step 1516, theuser interaction manager 1402 can get read permissions to an entity andrelationship collection from the policy manager 158. The policy manager158 can determine which entities and/or events the user has access tobased on policies indicated by a graph projection of the graphprojection database 162. The policy manager 158 can determine whetherthe user has access to read entities and/or relationships.

In response to the user having access to read the entities and/orrelationships, the policy manager 158 can send a granted indication instep 1518 to the user interaction manager 1402. In step 1520, the userinteraction manager can get read permissions for events on the secondfloor from the policy manager 158. The policy manager 158 can determinewhether the user has access to the events of the second floor bysearching a graph projection and can respond to the user interactionmanager 1402 with a granted message in step 1522 in response todetermining that the user has access to the events of the second floor.

Responsive to receiving the access to read the entities, relationships,and events of the second floor, the user interaction manager 1402 canread the entities relationships, and events from the cache 1504. In someembodiments, the user interaction manager 1402 can read the entities,relationships, and events from a graph projection in step 1524.

In step 1526, the cache 1504 can return the requested data of the step1534 to the user interaction manager 1402. In step 1528, the userinteraction manager 1402 can return the filtered assets withcapabilities of the assets. For example, all doors on the second floorcan be returned in step 1528 along with a capability to command eachdoor to lock or unlock. In step 1530, the security dashboard 1502 candisplay doors with active alarms on the second floor along withcapabilities of the doors.

In step 1532, a user can click a particular door displayed in the step1530, e.g., a door 13, and select the command to lock the door. In step1534, the security dashboard 1502 can send a lock door command for door13 to the user interaction manager 1402. The user interaction manager1402 can get a send command permission for the door 13 from the policymanager 158 in step 1536. The policy manager 158 can determine, based ona graph projection, whether the user has access to command the door 13to lock. In response to detecting that the user does have a policy tolock the door 13, the policy manager 158 can send a granted message tothe device interface manager 1506 in step 1538. The device manager 1506can send the command to lock the door 13 to a transport manager 1510 insteps 1540-1546. The transport manager 1510 can facilitate the commandto lock the door 13. Before implementing the command, the deviceinterface manager 1506 can communicate with the policy manager 158 toverify that the permission to command the door and the policy manager158 can send a granted message in step 1544 to the device interfacemanager 1506 in response to determining that that the permission exists.

An acknowledge message can be sent to the device interface manager 1506in step 1548 by the transport manager 1510 indicating that the commandhas been sent. The device interface manager 1506 can send a successmessage 1550 to the user interaction manager 1402. The user interactionmanager 1402 can send a success message to the security dashboard 1502in step 1552. The security dashboard 1502 can display a message to theuser that the command has been successfully sent to the door 13 in step1554.

Referring now to FIG. 16 , a flow diagram of a process 1600 where anevent of building equipment is enriched with contextual information of agraph that can be performed by the cloud platform 106 is shown,according to an exemplary embodiment. In some embodiments, the cloudplatform 106 can be configured to perform the process 1600. Furthermore,any computing device or system described herein can be configured toperform the process 1600.

In step 1602, the cloud platform 106 receives an event from buildingequipment or services. In some embodiments, the cloud platform 106receives non-event data, e.g., a stream of timeseries data, a message,etc. and normalizes the data into event data. The event can include oneor more parameters, e.g., a data value (e.g., a temperature, anequipment status, etc.), a time at which the event occurred, etc. Insome embodiments, the cloud platform 106 receives the event from anevent source, for example, cloud data, NC4, a weather data service, thecloud platform 106 itself (e.g., an event, an enriched event, etc.),and/or any other system or device.

In step 1604, the cloud platform 106 can identify one or more entitiesand/or one or more relationships of a graph related to the event. Theentities could be an indication of a location of the event (e.g., whatroom, what floor, what building the event occurred in), the buildingentities that consume the data of the event, other entities affected bythe event (e.g., a temperature setpoint change of one room affecting thetemperature of an adjacent room), etc. The relationships can indicatehow the event is related to the entities. For example, a relationship,“isLocatedIn,” could be added to indicate that the sensor producing theevent is located in a specific space.

In some embodiments, the cloud platform 106 identifies the one or moreentities and the one or more relationships from a graph projection. Thegraph projection can be a graph projection specific to a particularsubscriber (e.g., user or organization) of the cloud platform 106. Insome embodiments, the cloud platform 106 receives the graph projectionfrom the graph projection database 162.

In step 1606, the cloud platform 106 generates an enriched event withthe event and the one or more entities and the one or more relationshipsof the step 1604. The cloud platform 106 can add multiple attributes tothe event based on the entities and the relationships. In someembodiments, the cloud platform 106 generates an enriched event packageincluding all of the data of the enriched event and the one or moreentities and one or more relationships identified in the step 1604.

In step 1608, the cloud platform 106 can provide the enriched event ofthe step 1066 to one or more applications configured to operate based onthe enriched event. In some embodiments, the applications 110 canreceive the enriched event and operate based on the data of the eventand the contextual information (e.g., the entities and relationships)enriching the event. For example, for an application that controls thetemperature of a space, an enriched event can include a temperaturemeasurement of the space in addition to an identification of the spaceand the VAV box for the space. The application can generate a commandfor the VAV box based on the temperature measurement and communicate thetemperature measurement to the identified VAV box of the enriched event.

Referring now to FIG. 17 , a process 1700 where a change feed of eventsthat record modifications to a graph that can be performed by the twinmanager 108 is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. The twinmanager 108 can be configured to perform the process 1700. In someembodiments, components of the twin manager 108 are configured toperform the process 1700, for example, the change feed generator 152and/or the graph projection database 162. In some embodiments, anycomputing device described herein is configured to perform the process1700.

In step 1702, the twin manager 108 receives one or more changes to agraph. The changes may modify one or more nodes or one or more edges ofthe graph. For example, the changes may be to add a new node or edge,delete an existing node or edge, or modify an existing node or edge ofthe graph. In some embodiments, the modification is received by the twinmanager 108 from the user device 176, e.g., the user provides the twinmanager 108 with a modification to a graph. In some embodiments, themodification is received as an event indicating a change to the graph,e.g., event is metadata 320 or the device tree 322.

In step 1704, the twin manager 108 generates a change feed eventrecording the changes modifying the one or more nodes and/or the one ormore edges. The event can be a data package of information including anevent time, a time at which the event occurred. In some embodiments, theevent includes an indication of how the graph has changed, e.g., whatnodes and/or edges of the graph have changed and how those nodes and/oredges have changed. The twin manager 108 can implement the changes ofstep 1702 to the graph and also generate an event recording the changeto the graph.

In step 1706, the twin manager 108 can add the event to a change feed.The change feed can include multiple change events for different changesto the graph. The change feed may be a topic that some applicationsand/or systems subscribe to, e.g., the applications 110. In step 1706,one or more applications that operate based on the graph can receive thechange feed. In this regard, the applications and/or systems can receivethe change feed event and update their storage of the graph based on thechange feed. This can allow the application and/or system to updatetheir graph without receiving the entire graph, just an indication ofthe change. Furthermore, the twin manager 108 and/or any other systemcan generate the graph at one or more different times based on theevents of the change feed to track the configuration of the graph atmultiple different times.

Referring now to FIG. 18 , a flow diagram of a process 1800 where agraph identifying capabilities of a piece of equipment is used tooperate the piece of equipment that can be performed by the cloudplatform 106 is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. In someembodiments, the cloud platform 106 is configured to perform the process1800. In some embodiments, a component of the cloud platform 106, e.g.,the command processor 136 is configured to perform the process 1800. Anycomputing device described herein can be configured to perform theprocess 1800.

In step 1802, the cloud platform 106 can identify a capability of apiece of equipment based on a graph of nodes and edges where a firstnode of the nodes represents the capability and a second node of thenodes represents the piece of equipment where one or more edges relatethe first node and the second node. In some embodiments, the cloudplatform 106 may receive a request for information about thecapabilities of a piece of equipment, e.g., from a user request via theuser device 176 or from a device of the building subsystems 122 (e.g., athermostat may request to control a VAV box). The cloud platform 106 canidentify the capabilities, the operational commands that the piece ofequipment can perform by identifying capability nodes related to a nodeof the piece of equipment through one or more edges and/or nodes betweenthe nodes for the capabilities and the node for the piece of equipment.The cloud platform 106 can analyze a graph projection received from thetwin manager 108 to identify the capabilities.

In some embodiments, an entity can have capabilities originating fromdifferent systems. For example, a room could be an entity with acapability for temperature control, based on HVAC systems for the room.The room could also have a booking capability to reserve the room basedon a room booking and/or meeting scheduling system.

In step 1804, the cloud platform 106 can receive a command to operatethe piece of equipment based on the capability identify from the graphin the step 1802. In some embodiments, the cloud platform 106communicates the capability to the requesting entity, e.g., the userdevice 176, the applications 110, a device of the building subsystems122, etc. The requesting entity can review the capability and issue acommand for the capability.

In step 1806, the cloud platform 106 can provide the command to thepiece of equipment. In some embodiments, the cloud platform 106identifies a software component configured to manage messaging for thepiece of equipment. The cloud platform 106 may identify the softwarecomponent from the graph. For example, a node of the graph may representthe software component and one or more edges or nodes may relate thesoftware component node and the node representing the piece ofequipment. The cloud platform 106 can identify the software component byidentifying the edges and/or nodes relating the software component nodeand the node representing the piece of equipment. The cloud platform 106can provide the command to the software component to handle commandingthe piece of equipment.

Referring now to FIG. 19 , a process 1900 where the cloud platform 106operates different services related by a graph is shown, according to anexemplary embodiment. In some embodiments, the process 1900 is performedby the cloud platform 106. In some embodiments, any computing devicedescribed herein is configured to perform the process 1900.

In step 1902, the cloud platform 106 receives an indication to performan action for an entity. The action could be controlling a piece ofbuilding equipment. Implementing a command with an external system,e.g., generating a virtual meeting via a virtual meeting platform, sendan email via an email service, etc.

In step 1904, the cloud platform 106 can identify a service configuredto perform the action based on a graph including nodes and edges. Forexample, if the command is to send an email, the cloud platform 106 mayidentify an email service by identifying an email service node of thegraph. If the action is to command a piece of building equipment tooperate, the cloud platform 106 could identify a node of the graphrepresenting a device hub that handles messages for the piece ofbuilding equipment.

The nodes of the graph can represent various devices or softwarecomponents. The edges can represent communication actions between thevarious devices or software components. For example, the edges couldrepresent API calls between the various software components. Referringto FIG. 12 , API calls may exist for a device hub 1232 to implement acontrol command for a door actuator 1242. The API calls may be betweenother connecting software components, e.g., cluster 1236, connector A1240, connector B 1238, and external system 1244. To implement a controlcommand for door actuator 1242, the device hub 1232 may make an API call1284 to the cluster 1236 which may in turn make API calls 1286 and/or1288 to connectors A 1240 and connector B 1238. Connector A 1240 maymake an API call to external system 1244, API call 1288. Similarly,connector B 1238 may make an API call 1290 to external system 1244.External system 1244 may make an API call 1292 to the door actuator 1242to implement the requested command.

Similarly, if the command is to send an email via the email service1204, a connection broker 1254 may broker the connection for the cloudplatform 106 with the email service 1204 and may make one or more APIcalls to implement the email command. The connection broker 1254 maymake an API call 1298C to the cluster 1208 which may make an API call1298 d to a connector A that makes an API call 1298 f with the emailservice 1204 to send an email.

In step 1906, the cloud platform 106 causes the service identified instep 1904 to perform the operation based on the communication actionsrepresented by the edges. For example, the cloud platform 106 canidentify a set of API calls that implement the action. The API calls canbe identified in part based on the graph. For example, to implementsending an email, the cloud platform 106 can identify API call 1298 cmake by connection broker 1254, API call 1298 d made by cluster 1208,and API call 1298 f made by connector A 1206. The cloud platform 106 cancause each service (i.e., connection broker 1254, cluster 1208, andconnector A 1206) to make the appropriate API call to implement theaction.

Referring now to FIG. 20 , a process 2000 where a user or service isprovided with information and control abilities based on policies storedwithin a graph that can be performed by the cloud platform 106 is shown,according to an exemplary embodiment. The cloud platform 106 can beconfigured to perform the process 2000. In some embodiments, anycomputing device or system described herein can be configured to performthe process 2000.

In step 2002, the cloud platform 106 receives a request to view aportion of a graph of nodes and edges from a user and/or service. Thenodes can represent entities of a building while the edges can representrelationships between the entities of the building. The request can bereceived from a user via the user device 176. The request can bereceived from the applications 110 and/or the building subsystems 122,in some embodiments.

In step 2004, the cloud platform 106 can determine whether the userand/or service has access to view the portion of the graph based on apolicy indicated by one or more nodes and/or relationships of the graph.For example, the graph can indicate a policy for viewing information ofthe graph. For example, referring to FIG. 11 , an entity 1103 has 1151the policy 1136 to read events 1138 to the floor 1132. In this regard,if the user and/or service is the entity with a policy to read events,the user and/or service could view the events 110 and/or 1112.

The policy of the user and/or service could cascade through the graph,for example, if the user and/or service has a policy to read informationfor a higher level node, lower level nodes are also available to theuser and/or service. For example, the cloud platform 106 could identifythat the entity 1103 has 1151 the policy 1136 to the floor 1132 via edge1174. Because the door actuator 1114 is an asset of the space 1130indicated by the edge 1168 and that the space 1130 is a space of thefloor 1132 indicated by the edge 1170, the cloud platform 106 canidentify that the entity 1103 has access to the events of the dooractuator 1114.

In step 2006, the cloud platform 106 can provide a user and/or servicean indication of the portion of the graph in response to determiningthat the policy indicates that the user and/or service has access toview the portion of the graph. The cloud platform 106 can cause adisplay device of the user device 176 to display the indication of theportion of the graph in some embodiments. In step 2008, the cloudplatform 106 can receive a command for a piece of equipment. The commandmay be a command to operate the piece of equipment, in some embodiments.In some embodiments, the command is a command to perform an action onbehalf of a user, e.g., send an email to a user, schedule a meeting withthe user, etc.

In step 2010, the cloud platform 106 can determine whether the user orservice has access to perform the command based on a policy indicated byone or more nodes and/or edges of the graph. For example, a policy ofthe graph can indicate that the user and/or service has access tooperate the piece of equipment.

For example, referring to FIG. 12 , the user bob 1220 has a send commandpolicy for a particular floor, e.g., Bob 1220 has 1264 policy 1136 forthe send command 1140 via the edge 1178. The policy 1136 is set for thefloor 1132 via the edge 1174. Because the entity 1103 has a send commandpolicy for the floor 1132, any piece of equipment on the floor can becommanded by the entity 1103. For example, the door actuator 1114 is apiece of equipment of a space 1130 indicated by edge 1168. The space1130 is a space of the floor 1132 indicated by the edge 1170. The dooractuator 1114 has a capability 1248 indicated by edge 1180, the commandcan be an open door command 1252 or a lock door command 1250 related tothe capabilities 1248 of the door actuator 1114 via the edges 1296 and1294.

The cloud platform 106 can determine that the user Bob 1220 has theability to command the door actuator 1114 via the relationships betweenthe door actuator 1114 and the floor 1132 that the policy 1136 is setfor. Because the user Bob 1220 has the ability to make commands for thefloor 1132, all components related to the floor 1132, e.g., are locatedon the floor 1132, can be available to the user, e.g., the door actuator1114 being a device of the space 1130 via the edge 1168 and the space1130 being an area of the floor 1132 via the edge 1170.

In step 2012, the cloud platform 106 can operate the piece of equipmentto perform the command. The cloud platform 106 can, in some embodiments,identify the services and/or communication actions to implement thecommand as described in FIG. 19 . For example, the cloud platform 106can utilize the graph to identify the services that handle messaging forthe devices and can identify the communication actions that the serviceperforms to implement the command.

Referring now to FIG. 21 , a process 2100 where a graph projection isconstructed by the twin manager 108 is shown, according to an exemplaryembodiment. In some embodiments, the twin manager 108 is configured toperform the process 2100. In some embodiments, components of the twinmanager 108, e.g., the graph projection manager 156, is configured toperform the process 2100. In some embodiments, any computing devicedescribed herein is configured to perform the process 2100.

In step 2102, the twin manager 108 can receive a request for a graphprojection from a system. For example, a user via the user device 176may request a graph projection be generated. In some embodiments, thecloud platform 106 receives an indication of a new subscribing customerand the cloud platform 106 provides a request to the twin manager 108 togenerate a new projection for the subscribing customer. In someembodiments, the twin manager 108 receives a request from theapplications 110 for a graph projection to be generated for a specificapplication of the applications 110.

In step 2104, the twin manager 108 retrieves projection rules for thesystem for generating the graph projection. The projection rules can bean ontology specific for the system. For example, the ontology candefine what types of nodes can be related in what particular ways. Forexample, one ontology may indicate that one type of node (e.g.,thermostat) should be related to another type of node (e.g., a space).The ontology can indicate each type of node and what second types ofnodes that each type of node can be related to. Furthermore, theprojection rules can indicate policies for the system. For example, theprojection rules can identify what nodes and/or edges that the systemhas access to view.

In step 2106, the twin manager 108 can retrieve entities and/orrelationships representing entities of a building and relationshipsbetween the entities of the building. The twin manager 108 can retrieveall entities and/or relationships from the entity, relationship, andevent database 160. In some embodiments, the twin manager 108 retrievesonly the entities and/or relationships that the projection rulesindicate should be included within the projection graph, e.g., onlyentities and/or relationships that correspond to the ontology or onlyentities and/or relationships that the system has an access policy to.

In step 2108, the twin manager 108 can construct the graph projectionbased on the entities and relationships retrieved in the step 2106 andthe projection rules retrieved in the step 2104. In some embodiments,the twin manager 108 can construct the graph projection by generatingnodes for the entities and generating edges between the nodes torepresent the relationships between the entities.

In some embodiments, the twin manager 108 generates the graph projectionbased on the ontology. For example, the ontology may indicate thatbuilding nodes should have an edge to room nodes. Another ontology mayindicate that building nodes should have an edge to floor nodes andfloor nodes should have an edge to room nodes. Therefore, for entitydata that indicates a building A has a floor A and that floor A has aroom A, with the first ontology, a node for the building A can begenerated along with an edge from the building A node to a room A node.For the second ontology, a building A node with an edge to a floor Anode can be generated. Furthermore, the floor A node can have an edge toa room A node.

In step 2110, the building data platform 100 can perform one or moreoperations based on the graph projection. In some embodiments, thebuilding data platform 100 can perform event enrichment with contextualinformation of the graph projection (e.g., as described in FIG. 16 ). Insome embodiments, the building data platform 100 can generate a changefeed based on changes to the graph projection (e.g., as described inFIG. 17 ). In some embodiments, the building data platform 100 canutilize the graph projection to command and control entities representedby the graph projection (e.g., as described in FIG. 20 ). In someembodiments, the building data platform 100 can utilize the graphprojection to identify services and/or communication commands toimplementations (e.g., as described in FIG. 19 ).

Referring now to FIG. 22 , a process 2200 where a graph is queried basedon an entity and an event is shown, according to an exemplaryembodiment. The cloud platform 106 can be configured to perform theprocess 2200. In some embodiments, any computing device described hereincan be configured to perform the process 2200.

In step 2202, the cloud platform 106 receives a query for information ofa graph, the query including an entity and an event. The query can beformed from parameters for an asset, point, place, location, and event(“APPLE”). The query can indicate an entity, one of an asset, point,place, and location while the query can further indicate an event. Inthis regard, the query can search for certain entities with a particularevent, for example, a floor (type of asset) with an active door alarm(event), a door (type of asset) with an active door alarm (event), abuilding (type of asset) with a temperature measurement exceeding aparticular amount (event), etc.

In step 2204, the cloud platform 106 queries the graph for informationbased on the query received in the step 2202 where the graph includesnodes and edges, the nodes representing entities and events and theedges representing relationships between the entities and the events.For example, the query can be run against the graph to identify anentity associated with a particular event.

For example, referring now to FIG. 11 , if the query is to find a spacewith a door actuator value of 1 at a particular time, “a,” the cloudplatform 106 can be configured to search the edges and nodes to firstall spaces within the graph. Next, the cloud platform 106 can selectspaces of the graph that are linked to an event node for a door actuatorwith a value of 1 at a particular time, “a.” For example, the cloudplatform 106 can determine that the space 1130 has an edge 1168 to thedoor actuator 1114 and that the door actuator 1114 has an edge 1160 to apoint A 1116 and that the point A 1116 has an edge to the TS 1120 whichin turn has an edge 1168 to the event node 1110 which has a value of 1at a time “a.”

In step 2206, the cloud platform 106 can generate a query response basedon the information queried in the step 2204. The query response caninclude one or more nodes and/or edges of the graph selected by thequery. For example, the query response could identify the entity of thequery. Furthermore, the query response could identify the entity of thequery and one or more nodes and/or edges relating the entity to theevent of the query. The cloud platform 106 can return the query responseto a system that originally made the query, e.g., to the user device176, the applications 110, the building subsystems 122, etc.

Referring now to FIG. 23 , the platform manager 128 of the cloudplatform 106 managing tenant and subscription entitlements with a tenantentitlement model 2300 is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment.The platform manager 128 can be configured to manage entitlements ofvarious tenants and/or tenant subscriptions for the building dataplatform 100. The provisioning service 130 can receive data from a userdevice 176 to create, end, or update a tenant and/or tenantsubscription. The provisioning service 130 can cause the subscriptionservice 132 to update the tenant entitlement model 2300 appropriately.

In some embodiments, the provisioning service 130 is configured tohandle license purchases and/or license activation for a tenant and/ortenant subscription. A user, via the user device 176, can purchase alicense for a particular tenant subscription through the provisioningservice 130. Responsive to the purchase of the license, the provisioningservice 130 can add the entitlement for the tenant subscription to thetenant entitlement model 2300, activating the license purchased.

The tenant entitlement model 2300 can indicate tenants, each tenantindicating a billing boundary. Each tenant can further include one ormultiple subscriptions, particular implementations of the building dataplatform 100 for the tenant. For example, a retail chain that includesmultiple stores could be a tenant while each store could have aparticular subscription. Each subscription can be tied to a particulargeographic operating zone, e.g., an indication of computing resourceswithin the geographic operating zone that the subscription utilizes.Each subscription can further indicate entitlements for thesubscription, e.g., services, data, or operations of the building dataplatform 100 that the subscription is authorized to utilize.

The entitlement service 134 can receive requests for entitlements fromsystems 2302 (e.g., the edge platform 102, the twin manager 108, and/orapplications 110). The request may be a question whether a particularsubscription has authorization for a particular entitlement, forexample, the question could be whether a particular subscription hasaccess to make a command responsive to systems 2302 requesting to makethe command. In some embodiments, while the systems 2302 are operating(e.g., processing a control command, enriching an event, generating auser interface, performing a control algorithm), they may encounter anaction that requires an entitlement. Responsive to encountering theaction requiring the entitlement, the systems 2302 can communicate withthe entitlement service 134 to determine whether the particularsubscription that the systems 2302 are performing the action for has anentitlement for the action.

The platform manager 128 includes a throttle manager 2304 configured toperform throttling operations for particular tenants and/or tenantsubscriptions. For example, a particular tenant may have an entitlementto make a certain number of commands per minute, receive a certainamount of event data from building systems a minute, utilize aparticular amount of processing power to run applications, etc. Thethrottle manager 2304 can receive operating data from the systems 2302,in some embodiments through a meter 2306 of the platform manager 128. Insome embodiments, the meter 2306 receives the operating data, analyzesthe operating data to determine metrics (e.g., commands per minute,storage utilized, etc.) for particular tenant subscriptions.

The throttle manager 2304 can communicate a resource throttling commandfor particular customer subscriptions to the systems 2302. For example,if a customer subscription has an entitlement for a particular number ofevent enrichment operations and the operating data indicates that theparticular number of event enrichment operations have been performed,the throttle manager 2304 can send a throttle command for eventenrichment (e.g., stop all enrichment for the tenant subscription, causethe enrichment to be slowed, etc.). In some embodiments, the throttlemanager 2303 could slow down operating commands of a particular tenantsubscription in response to receiving more than a particular number ofrequests to perform operating commands in a particular time period(e.g., 1,000 requests in a minute).

The meter 2306 can be configured to generate metrics indicating theoperations of the systems 2302 for the tenant subscriptions and/or forthe tenants. The meter 2306 can receive the operating data from thesystems 2302 and determine which tenant subscription the operating datais associated with. For example, the systems 2302 may record whichtenant subscription is associated with the operating data and provide anindication of the tenant subscription to the meter 2306. The operatingdata can be a control command, an amount of events received by thesystems 2302 from building systems of a building, etc. The metricsgenerated by the meter 2306 can indicate computational resources used byparticular tenant subscriptions, storage resources used by particulartenant subscriptions, number of computing request or commands made, etc.In some embodiments, the meter 2306 is configured to generate a bill forparticular tenants and/or tenant subscriptions based on the metrics toscale bills of tenant subscriptions based on their usage of the systems2302.

In some embodiments, the meter 2306 generates metrics for one ormultiple tenant subscriptions. The metrics can be API request persecond, day, month, and total amount of data transferred. The metricscan indicate number of messages processed and/or computational cyclesused. The metrics can indicate amount data storage used and/or amount ofdata persisted. The metrics can indicate events per second, per day,and/or per month. Furthermore, the metrics can indicate eventsubscriptions per second, per day, and/or per month. A tenant may haveone or multiple event subscriptions indicating how the data platform 100handles and/or enriches particular events.

Referring now to FIG. 24 , the tenant entitlement model 2200 shown ingreater detail, according to an exemplary embodiment. In someembodiments, the tenant entitlement model 2200 is a graph datastructure, one or more tables, or other data storage structures. Thetenant can be a billing boundary. The tenants can have multiplesubscriptions, e.g., multiple sites of a single entity, multiple floorsof a building rented to various companies, etc. The tenant 2400 is shownto include three separate subscriptions, subscription A 2402,subscription B 2404, and subscription C 2406. The tenant 2400 can be aparticular account associated with a globally unique identifier (GUID)linked to particular subscription identifiers.

Each of the subscriptions 2402-2406 can be associated with a particulargeographic zone, e.g., zone 2408 and zone 2410. The zones can beparticular geographic regions such as cities, counties, states,countries, continents, country groupings (e.g., Asia Pacific (APAC),Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA), etc.), etc. Each of thesubscriptions 2402-2406 can be linked to one of the zones 2408 and 2410.Each of the geographic zones 2408 and 2410 can be associated withcomputational resources (e.g., servers, processors, storage devices,memory, networking infrastructure, etc.) located within each of thezones for implementing the building data platform 100. The computationalresources within each zone can be shared amount subscriptions for thezone.

In some embodiments, the building data platform 100 can implement DNSstyle data routing to the computational resources of the zones based onsubscription identifiers for the subscriptions 2402-2406. The zones 2408and 2410 can resolve data residency concerns, e.g., that data of aparticular subscription does not leave a particular geographic district,e.g., leave a country.

Each of the zones 2408 and 2410 can indicate entitlements forsubscriptions linked to the zones 2408 and 2410. For example, a table2414 can indicate entitlements for the subscription A 2402 and thesubscription B 2404 linked to the zone 2408. A table 2412 can indicateentitlements for subscriptions of the zone 2410, e.g., the subscriptionC 2406. The tables 2414 and 2412 can indicate all entitlements offeredby the building data platform 100 for the particular zone and whethereach subscription has authorization for the particular entitlement. Theentitlements can indicate what services, resources, and/or whatcomputing, storage, and/or networking usage levels the subscriptions2402-2406 are entitled to.

For example, the building data platform 100 includes platform resources2413 and 2418 for the zones 2408 and 2410 respectively. In the zone2408, the platform resources 2413 include computing resources 2414 andstorage resources 2416. In the zone 2410, the platform resources 2418include computing resources 2420 and storage 2422. The building dataplatform 100 can facilitate resource scaling providing the subscriptionA 2402 and the subscription B 2404 various amounts of the platformresources 2413 according to entitlements for the subscription A 2402 andthe subscription B 2404 respectively. Each subscription can be assignedan amount of resource based on whether the subscription is assigned, viathe entitlements, a premium resource usage tier or a lower levelresource usage tier.

The entitlements can be a set of available capabilities within one ofthe zones 2408 and 2410 that the subscriptions 2402-2406 are assigned orare not assigned. The entitlements can be availability of the graph,events, commands, event subscriptions, gateway operations, and/orgateway cloud to device (C2D) communication. In some embodiments, theability to create an event subscription, e.g., an ER collection, graph,and/or enrichment rule for a particular event or type of events can beavailable to some subscriptions but not to others. The platform manager128 can provide an API, e.g., through the provisioning service 130, thesubscription service 132, and/or the entitlement service 134, formanaging the entitlements of the tenant entitlement model 2300.

Referring now to FIG. 25 , a process 2500 of managing tenant andsubscription entitlements with the tenant entitlement model 2300 isshown, according to an exemplary embodiment. In some embodiments, theplatform manager 128 is configured to perform the process 2500. Anycomputing device or system described herein can be configured to performthe process 2500, in some embodiments.

In step 2502, the platform manager 128 is configured to receive one ormore tenant and/or subscription management requests from the user device176. For example, the requests can be to create a new tenant and/or newsubscription for a tenant, remove an existing tenant and/or existingsubscription, update entitlements for subscriptions, etc. In someembodiments, the requests are associated with purchases, e.g.,purchasing an entitlement for a particular subscription. In someembodiments, the request can indicate management of subscription zonerelationships, e.g., a management of what zone an existing or newsubscription is set for. In some embodiments, the entitlements set forthe subscription are limited to the entitlements available for aparticular zone that the subscription is linked to. In step 2504, theplatform manager 128 can update the tenant entitlement model 2300 basedon the request received in the step 2502.

In step 2506, the platform manager 128 receives a request to perform anoperation for a subscription for a zone from one of the systems 2302.For example, one of the systems 2302 can provide the request to theplatform manager 128 to determine whether an operation is available fora subscription. For example, the twin manager 108 may process a commandrequest to command a particular piece of equipment of the buildingsubsystems 122 for a particular subscription. The twin manager 108 cansend a request to the platform manager 128 for confirmation of whetherthe subscription has a command entitlement for a particular zone.

In response to receiving the request of the step 2508, the platformmanager 128 can determine whether the subscription has the entitlementfor the operation for the zone based on the tenant entitlement model2200. For example, the platform manager 128 can search entitlements forthe particular zone that the subscription is linked to in order todetermine whether the subscription has the entitlement for theoperation. The platform manager 128 can respond to the system with anindication of whether or not the subscription has the entitlement.

In step 2510, the building data platform 100 can implement the operationwith computing resources for the zone linked to the subscription by thetenant entitlement model. For example, the platform manager 128 canrespond to the system where the system is a component of the buildingdata platform 100 with an indication that the subscription has theentitlement. The system can proceed with performing the operation.Furthermore, the subscription may be tied to a zone which is linked tocomputing resources of the building data platform 100. The operation canbe performed on the computing resources tied to the zone.

In step 2512, the platform manager 128 can perform metering and/orthrottling for the subscription based on the operation and/or one ormore additional operations. The platform manager 128 can track alloperational data associated with the subscription and build operationmetrics via the meter 2306. The metrics can indicate resource usage ofthe subscription. Based on the metrics, the platform manager 128 cangenerate bills based on the metrics to charge the subscription an amountaccording to the resource usage. Furthermore, based on the metrics theplatform manager 128 can implement resource throttling to control theamount of computing and/or storage resources used by the subscription.

Referring now to FIG. 26 , a system 2600 including the edge platform 100performing event enrichment at the edge platform 102 before the eventsare communicated to the cloud platform 106 is shown, according to anexemplary embodiment. The system 2600 includes the building subsystems122, the edge platform 102, the cloud platform 106, the applications110, and the twin manager 108. The edge platform 102 can receive eventsfrom the building subsystems 122 and enrich the events before passingthe events on to the cloud platform 106. Because the edge platform 102is located on-premises, e.g., on the edge, the events can be enrichedbefore being passed on to other cloud systems and/or used in edge basedanalytics run on the edge platform 102. In some embodiments, processors,memory devices, and/or networking devices of the edge platform 102 arelocated on-premises within a building.

The edge platform 102 can receive events from the building subsystems122. The events can be data packages describing an event that hasoccurred with a timestamp of when the event occurred. The events can beraw events that are composed of content that is emitted from a producingsystem. However, the event may not include any intent or knowledge ofthe system that consumes it. The event can be of a particular eventtype. An enrichment manager 2602 of the edge platform 102 can receivethe events from the building subsystems 122. The enrichment manager 2602can be the same as, or similar to, the enrichment manager 138.

The enrichment manager 2602 can enrich the events received from thebuilding subsystems 122 based on event context received and/or retrievedfrom a lite digital twin 2608 of the edge platform 102. For example, theenrichment manager 2602 can add entity and/or entity relationshipinformation associated with the event to the event to generate theenriched events 2604. The event enrichment can be the same as or similarto the enrichment described with referenced to FIGS. 1-3 and FIG. 8 .The enriched events 2604 can be an event with additional addedproperties or attributes that provide context regarding the event.

In some embodiments, the enrichment manager 2602 includes multiple eventstreams. The event streams can be data enrichment processing streams forparticular events and/or particular types of events. Each event streamcan be linked to a tenant and/or tenant subscription. Each event streamcan indicate one or more rules for enriching an event, e.g., anindication of the information to add to the event. In this regard, oneevent can be applied to multiple event streams and receive differentenrichments to generate multiple enriched events. Each enriched eventcan be provided to a different application or end system.

The edge platform 102 includes edge applications 2610. The edgeapplications 2610 can be similar to or the same as the applications 110.While the applications 110 may be run on a cloud system, the edgeapplications 2610 can be run locally on the edge platform 102. The edgeapplications 2610 can operate based on the enriched events 2604 and maynot need to consult a digital twin to acquire context regarding an eventsince the enriched events 2604 may already include the needed context.In some embodiments, the edge application 2610 perform analytics (e.g.,aggregation, data monitoring, etc.), control algorithms, etc. for thebuilding subsystems 122.

For example the edge applications 2610 can generate control decisionsfor the building subsystems 122 based on the enriched events 2604, e.g.,temperature setpoints for zones, fan speed settings for fans, ductpressure setpoints, ventilation commands, etc. In some embodiments, theedge applications 2610 include models, e.g., machine learning models forpredicting characteristics and/or conditions and/or for operating thebuilding subsystems 122. In some embodiments, the machine learning isperformed at the edge platform 102 which results in higher scores thanmachine learning performed in the cloud since a greater amount of datacan be collected faster and used for training at the edge.

In some embodiments, the enrichment manager 2602 only operates when thetwin manager 108 is not operating and enriching events. For example, theedge platform 102 can receive an indication that there is an error withcloud systems, e.g., network issues, computing issues, etc. In thisregard, the edge platform 102 can take over enriching the events withthe enrichment manager 2602 and operating on the events with the edgeapplications 2610. In this regard, the enrichment and applicationoperation can dynamically move between the edge platform 102 and thecloud. Furthermore, load balancing can be implemented so that someevents are enriched and operated on by edge applications 2610 whileother events are passed to the cloud platform 106 and/or the twinmanager 108 for enrichment and provided to the applications 110 foroperation.

In some embodiments, by performing enrichment at the edge platform 102,analytics can be performed at the edge platform 102 based on theenriched events. In this regard, lower latencies can be realized sinceanalytics and/or control algorithms can be performed quickly at the edgeplatform 102 and data does not need to be communicated to the cloud. Insome embodiments, the edge applications 2610 and/or machine learningmodels of the edge applications 2610 can be built in the cloud andcommunicated to the edge platform 102 and additional learning can beperformed at the edge platform 102.

The edge platform 102 includes the lite digital twin 2608. The litedigital twin 2608 can be a version of a digital twin 2610 of the twinmanager 108. The digital twins 2610 and/or 2608 can be virtualrepresentations of a building and/or the building subsystem 122 of thebuilding. The digital twin 2610 and/or the digital twin 2608 can be orcan include the graph projection database 162, e.g., one or more graphdata structures. The digital twin 2610 and/or the lite digital twin 2608can be the graphs shown in FIGS. 11-13 . In some embodiments, the litedigital twin 2608 is a projection that does not include all nodes andedges of a full projection graph. The lite digital twin 2608 may onlyinclude the nodes or edges necessary for enriching the events and can bebuilt on projection rules that define the information needed that willbe used to enrich the events.

In some embodiments, the lite digital twin 2608 can be synchronized, inwhole or in part, with the digital twin 2610. The lite digital twin 2608can include less information than the digital twin 2610, e.g., lessnodes or edges. The lite digital twin 2608 may only include the nodesand/or edges necessary for enriching events of the building subsystems122. In some embodiments, changes or updates to the digital twin 2610can be synchronized to the lite digital twin 2608 through a change feedof change feed events. The change feed can indicate additions, removals,and/or reconfigurations of nodes or edges to the graph projectiondatabase 162. Each change feed event can indicate one update to thedigital twin 2610.

A digital twin updater 2606 can receive the events of the change feedfrom the change feed generator 152 and update the lite digital twin 2608based on each change feed event. The updates made to the lite digitaltwin 2608 can be the same updates as indicated by the events of thechange feed. In some embodiments, the digital twin updater 2606 canupdate the lite digital twin 2608 to only include the nodes and edgesnecessary for enrichment of the events, and thus include less nodes andedges than the digital twin 2610.

In some embodiments, the digital twin updater 2606 filters out changefeed events if the change feed events do not pertain to informationneeded to enrich the events. In this regard, the digital twin updater2606 can store a list of information needed for enrichment, e.g., thedigital twin updater 2606 can include all event subscriptions orenrichment rules. The digital twin updater 2606 can determine whether achange feed event updates information pertaining to event enrichment andonly update the lite digital twin 2608 responsive to determining thatthe change feed event updates information needed for enrichment. In someembodiments, when a new event subscription and/or new enrichment rule iscreated, the digital twin updater 2606 can communicate with the digitaltwin 2610 to retrieve noes or edges needed for the new eventsubscription and/or enrichment rules.

Referring now to FIG. 27 , a process 2700 of performing event enrichmentat the edge by the edge platform 102 before the events are communicatedto the cloud is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. In someembodiments, the edge platform 102 is configured to perform the process2700. Furthermore, any computing system or device as described hereincan be configured to perform the process 2700.

In step 2702, the twin manager 108 can receive a change to the digitaltwin 2610 managed by the twin manager 108. The change can be anaddition, removal, or reconfiguration of an edge and/or node. In step2704, the twin manager 108 can update the digital twin 2610 based on thechange. Furthermore, in step 2706, the twin manager 108 can generate achange feed event for a change feed representing the change to thedigital twin. In some embodiments, the change feed event can summarizethe change. In step 2708, the twin manager 108 can communicate thechange feed to the edge platform 102 for synchronizing the digital twin2610 with the lite digital twin 2608 of the edge platform 102.

In step 2710, the edge platform 102 can receive the change feed from thetwin manager 108. The edge platform 102 can be subscribed to the changefeed and can receive all change feed events posed to the change feed bythe twin manager 108. In step 2712, the edge platform 102 can update thelite digital twin 2608 based on the change feed event. In someembodiments, the edge platform 102 can determine, responsive toreceiving the change feed event, whether the change feed event affectsenrichment performed by the edge platform 102. Responsive to determiningthat the change feed event affects nodes or edges of the lite digitaltwin 2608 used in enrichment, the edge platform 102 can update the litedigital twin 2608 based on the change feed event.

In step 2714, the edge platform 102 can receive one or more events frombuilding systems of a building. For example, the building subsystems 122can generate events, e.g., data collection events, operational commanddecisions, etc. The events can describe information created for thebuilding subsystems 122 and include a timestamp indicating when theinformation was created.

In step 2716, the edge platform 102 can retrieve event context from thelite digital twin 2608 for the one or more events. The event context canindicate attributes describing the event. In step 2718, the edgeplatform 102 can generate the enriched events 2604 by enriching the oneor more events with the event context retrieved in the step 2718.Enriching the events can include adding additional attributes (the eventcontext) to the events. In step 2720, the edge platform can communicatethe one or more enriched events 2604 to the cloud, e.g., the cloudplatform 106.

Referring now to FIG. 28 , a system 2800 including the twin manager 108synchronizing the digital twin 2610 of the twin manager 108 with digitaltwins of other external systems is shown, according to an exemplaryembodiment. The twin manager 108 can act as a master record of a digitaltwin of a building and/or building subsystems and use a change feed toupdate digital twins of other systems, e.g., an external system 2806 and2816. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the twin manager 108 can receiveupdates to the digital twin of one external system, e.g., the externalsystem 2806 and synchronize the changes to other external systems, e.g.,the external system 2816. This synchronization can allow for datasharing between all of the digital twins since each digital twin isup-to-date.

The twin manager 108 includes the digital twin 2619 and the change feegenerator 152. Furthermore, the twin manager 108 includes a twin updater2802 and a change synchronizer 2804. The twin updater 2802 can receiveupdates to the graph projection database 162, e.g., updates to nodes oredges of the graph, e.g., insertion, deletion, or reconfiguration ofnodes or edges. The updates can be received from the cloud platform 106as part of the event processing shown in FIG. 3 where updates to thegraph are learned from events. In some embodiments, the updates canoriginate from other systems, e.g., the external system 2806 or 2816.For example, the external system 2806 could make an update to a digitaltwin 2808 in a first format stored by the external system 2806 andcommunicate the change to the twin updater 2802. In some embodiments,the external system 2806 can use a change feed to communicate the updateto the twin manager 108.

The change synchronizer 2804 can synchronize the digital twin 2610 withthe digital twin 2808 of the external system 2806 and a digital twin2814 of the external system 2816. The change synchronizer 2804 can makeupdates to the digital twin 2808 and the digital twin 2814. In someembodiments, the change synchronizer 2804 makes different types ofupdates based on the format of the digital twins 2808 and 2814. Forexample, the change synchronizer 2804 can make a twin update in a firstformat for the digital twin 2808 and a twin update in a second formatfor the digital twin 2814 to make the same update across the twins 2808and 2814.

In some embodiments, the change synchronizer 2804 uses a change feed ofchange feed events to update the digital twin 2808 and the digital twin2814. In some embodiments, the change synchronizer 2804 receives achange feed of change feed events from the change feed generator 152.Responsive to receiving a new change feed event, the change synchronizer2804 can make the change indicated by the change feed event in thedigital twin 2808 and the digital twin 2814. In some embodiments, thechange synchronizer 2804 communicates the change feed to the externalsystem 2806 and/or the external system 2814 causing the external system2806 and the external system 2816 to update the digital twins 2808 and2814.

The external system 2806 can receive updates from the changesynchronizer 2804 and update the digital twin 2808 according to theupdates. Similarly, a twin updater 2812 of the external system 1816 canreceive updates from the change synchronizer 2804 and update the digitaltwin 2814. In some embodiments, the updates received from the changesynchronizer 2804 are in a format associated with the digital twinstored by the external systems 2806 and/or 2816. In some embodiments,the update is a change feed event and/or a change feed of change feedevents.

In some embodiments, the building data platform 100 can generate litegraph projection of the digital twin 2610 and the digital twin in thefirst format 2808 and the digital twin in the second format 2814. Theprojections can be built based on projection rules and therefore may notinclude all of the nodes and edges as a full graph projection. The sameprojection rules can be used for the twin manager 108 and the externalsystem 2806 and/or the external system 2816. The building data platform100 can compare the projections against each other to confirm that thetwins of the twin manager 108 and the external system 2806 and/or 2816are the same. By comparing the projections instead of the full twins, aneasier feasible comparison can be performed.

Referring now to FIG. 29 , a process 2900 of synchronizing the digitaltwin 2610 of the twin manager 108 with digital twins 2808 and 2814 ofother external systems 2806 and 2816 is shown, according to an exemplaryembodiment. In some embodiments, the twin manager 108 is configured toperform the process 2900. Any computing device or system describedherein can be configured to perform the process 2900, in someembodiments.

In step 2902, the twin manager 108 receives an update to the digitaltwin 2610. The update can be received from an internal system, e.g., acomponent of the building data platform 100. For example, eventsprocessed by the cloud platform 106 can be analyzed to derive updates tothe digital twin 2610 as described in FIG. 3 . Similarly, in someembodiments, a user via the user device 176 can provide the update tothe digital twin 2610 to the twin manager 108. In some embodiments, anexternal system can provide the update, e.g., the external system 2806and/or the external system 2816. In this regard, the external system2806 can make an update to the digital twin 2808 and communicate theupdate made to the digital twin 2808 to the twin manager 108.

In step 2904, the twin manager 108 updates the digital twin 2610 basedon the update received in the step 2902. In step 2906, the twin manager108 generates a change feed event of a change feed based on the update.The change feed event represents the changes made to the digital twin2610. In some embodiments, the change feed is a topic where multiplechange feed events are posted for consuming systems to receive.

In step 2908, the twin manager 108 generates a first update in a firstformat for the digital twin 2808 based on the change feed event.Furthermore, the twin manager 108 generates a second update in a secondformat for the digital twin 2814 based on the change feed event. In step2910, the twin manager 108 can synchronize the digital twin 2808 of theexternal system 2806 with the update in the first format bycommunicating with the external system 2806. In step 2912, the twinmanager 108 can synchronize the digital twin 2814 of the external system2816 with the update in the second format by communicating with theexternal system 2816.

Configuration of Exemplary Embodiments

The construction and arrangement of the systems and methods as shown inthe various exemplary embodiments are illustrative only. Although only afew embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, manymodifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions,structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values ofparameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors,orientations, etc.). For example, the position of elements may bereversed or otherwise varied and the nature or number of discreteelements or positions may be altered or varied. Accordingly, all suchmodifications are intended to be included within the scope of thepresent disclosure. The order or sequence of any process or method stepsmay be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments.Other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may be madein the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplaryembodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure contemplates methods, systems and programproducts on any machine-readable media for accomplishing variousoperations. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implementedusing existing computer processors, or by a special purpose computerprocessor for an appropriate system, incorporated for this or anotherpurpose, or by a hardwired system. Embodiments within the scope of thepresent disclosure include program products comprising machine-readablemedia for carrying or having machine-executable instructions or datastructures stored thereon. Such machine-readable media can be anyavailable media that can be accessed by a general purpose or specialpurpose computer or other machine with a processor. By way of example,such machine-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, CD-ROMor other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magneticstorage devices, or any other medium which can be used to carry or storedesired program code in the form of machine-executable instructions ordata structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose orspecial purpose computer or other machine with a processor. Wheninformation is transferred or provided over a network or anothercommunications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or a combinationof hardwired or wireless) to a machine, the machine properly views theconnection as a machine-readable medium. Thus, any such connection isproperly termed a machine-readable medium. Combinations of the above arealso included within the scope of machine-readable media.Machine-executable instructions include, for example, instructions anddata which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer,or special purpose processing machines to perform a certain function orgroup of functions.

Although the figures show a specific order of method steps, the order ofthe steps may differ from what is depicted. Also two or more steps maybe performed concurrently or with partial concurrence. Such variationwill depend on the software and hardware systems chosen and on designerchoice. All such variations are within the scope of the disclosure.Likewise, software implementations could be accomplished with standardprogramming techniques with rule based logic and other logic toaccomplish the various connection steps, processing steps, comparisonsteps and decision steps.

In various implementations, the steps and operations described hereinmay be performed on one processor or in a combination of two or moreprocessors. For example, in some implementations, the various operationscould be performed in a central server or set of central serversconfigured to receive data from one or more devices (e.g., edgecomputing devices/controllers) and perform the operations. In someimplementations, the operations may be performed by one or more localcontrollers or computing devices (e.g., edge devices), such ascontrollers dedicated to and/or located within a particular building orportion of a building. In some implementations, the operations may beperformed by a combination of one or more central or offsite computingdevices/servers and one or more local controllers/computing devices. Allsuch implementations are contemplated within the scope of the presentdisclosure. Further, unless otherwise indicated, when the presentdisclosure refers to one or more computer-readable storage media and/orone or more controllers, such computer-readable storage media and/or oneor more controllers may be implemented as one or more central servers,one or more local controllers or computing devices (e.g., edge devices),any combination thereof, or any other combination of storage mediaand/or controllers regardless of the location of such devices.

What is claimed:
 1. A building system of a building comprising one ormore memory devices having instructions thereon, that, when executed byone or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: store adigital twin of the building comprising a graph data structure, thegraph data structure comprising a plurality of nodes representingentities of the building and a plurality of edges between the pluralityof nodes representing relationships between the entities of thebuilding; receive a modification to the digital twin of the building,the modification modifying at least one of the plurality of nodes or theplurality of edges; generate a change feed event of a change feed, thechange feed event recording the modification to the graph datastructure, the change feed comprising a plurality of change feed eventsrepresenting modifications to the graph data structure at a plurality ofdifferent times; generate an update for an external digital twin storedby an external system based on the change feed event, the updateindicating a change to the external digital twin; and synchronize, basedon the update, the external digital twin of the building of the externalsystem with the digital twin of the building by communicating with theexternal system.
 2. The building system of claim 1, wherein the entitiesof the building are at least one of building equipment, locations of thebuilding, users of the building, and events of the building.
 3. Thebuilding system of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the one ormore processors to receive the modification to the digital twin of thebuilding by: receiving an event from a piece of building equipment ofthe building; and determining, based on the event, the modification tothe digital twin of the building.
 4. The building system of claim 1,wherein the external system updates the external digital twin of thebuilding based on the update.
 5. The building system of claim 1, whereinthe instructions cause the one or more processors to: receive themodification to the digital twin of the building from a second externalsystem, wherein the modification to the digital twin of the building isbased on a second modification made by the second external system to asecond external digital twin of the building stored by the secondexternal system.
 6. The building system of claim 1, wherein themodification is at least one of: adding a new node to the plurality ofnodes of the graph data structure; adding a new edge to the plurality ofedges of the graph data structure; deleting an existing node of theplurality of nodes of the graph data structure; deleting an existingedge of the plurality of edges of the graph data structure; modifyingthe existing node of the plurality of nodes of the graph data structure;or modifying the existing edge of the plurality of edges of the graphdata structure.
 7. The building system of claim 1, wherein theinstructions cause the one or more processors to: add the change feedevent to a change feed topic, wherein the external system is subscribedto the change feed topic and receives the change feed event in responseto the change feed event being added to the change feed topic.
 8. Thebuilding system of claim 1, wherein the external digital twin of thebuilding is in a first format different than a format of the digitaltwin of the building.
 9. The building system of claim 8, where theinstructions cause the one or more processors to: synchronize, based onthe change feed event, a second external digital twin of a secondexternal system, the second external digital twin in a second formatdifferent than the first format of the external digital twin and theformat of the digital twin of the building.
 10. The building system ofclaim 9, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to:generate a second update for the second external digital twin of thebuilding in the second format for the second external digital twin ofthe building of the second external system based on the change feedevent; and communicate the second update for the second external digitaltwin of the building to the second external system, wherein the secondexternal system updates the external digital twin of the building basedon the second update.
 11. A method comprising: storing, by a processingcircuit, a digital twin of a building comprising a graph data structure,the graph data structure comprising a plurality of nodes representingentities of the building and a plurality of edges between the pluralityof nodes representing relationships between the entities of thebuilding; receiving, by the processing circuit, a modification to thedigital twin of the building, the modification modifying at least one ofthe plurality of nodes or the plurality of edges; generating, by theprocessing circuit, a change feed event of a change feed, the changefeed event recording the modification to the graph data structure, thechange feed comprising a plurality of change feed events representingmodifications to the graph data structure at a plurality of differenttimes; generating, by the processing circuit, an update for an externaldigital twin stored by an external system based on the change feedevent, the update indicating a change to the external digital twin; andsynchronizing, by the processing circuit, based on the update, theexternal digital twin of the building of the external system with thedigital twin of the building by communicating with the external system.12. The method of claim 11, wherein the entities of the building are atleast one of building equipment, locations of the building, users of thebuilding, and events of the building.
 13. The method of claim 11,wherein receiving, by the processing circuit, the modification to thedigital twin of the building comprises: receiving an event from a pieceof building equipment of the building; and determining, based on theevent, the modification to the digital twin of the building.
 14. Themethod of claim 11, wherein the external system updates the externaldigital twin of the building based on the update.
 15. The method ofclaim 11, further comprising: receiving, by the processing circuit, themodification to the digital twin of the building from a second externalsystem, wherein the modification to the digital twin of the building isbased on a second modification made by the second external system to asecond external digital twin of the building stored by the secondexternal system.
 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the modification isat least one of: adding a new node to the plurality of nodes of thegraph data structure; adding a new edge to the plurality of edges of thegraph data structure; deleting an existing node of the plurality ofnodes of the graph data structure; deleting an existing edge of theplurality of edges of the graph data structure; modifying the existingnode of the plurality of nodes of the graph data structure; or modifyingthe existing edge of the plurality of edges of the graph data structure.17. The method of claim 11, further comprising: adding, by theprocessing circuit, the change feed event to a change feed topic,wherein the external system is subscribed to the change feed topic andreceives the change feed event in response to the change feed eventbeing added to the change feed topic.
 18. The method of claim 11,wherein the external digital twin of the building is in a first formatdifferent than a format of the digital twin of the building.
 19. Themethod of claim 18, further comprising: synchronizing, by the processingcircuit, based on the change feed event, a second external digital twinof a second external system, the second external digital twin in asecond format different than the first format of the external digitaltwin and the format of the digital twin of the building.
 20. One or morememory devices having instructions thereon, that, when executed by oneor more processors, cause the one or more processors to: store a digitaltwin of a building comprising a graph data structure, the graph datastructure comprising a plurality of nodes representing entities of thebuilding and a plurality of edges between the plurality of nodesrepresenting relationships between the entities of the building; receivea modification to the digital twin of the building, the modificationmodifying at least one of the plurality of nodes or the plurality ofedges; generate a change feed event of a change feed, the change feedevent recording the modification to the graph data structure, the changefeed comprising a plurality of change feed events representingmodifications to the graph data structure at a plurality of differenttimes; generate an update for an external digital twin stored by anexternal system based on the change feed event, the update indicating achange to the external digital twin; and synchronize, based on theupdate, the external digital twin of the building of the external systemwith the digital twin of the building by communicating with the externalsystem.